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Capgras’ syndrome
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
Since Gluckman (1968) first described a case of Capgras’ syndrome occurring in the setting of organic disease, a sharp increase in the number of published cases with an organic aetiology has followed. It is estimated that they now account for 25–40% of all case reports (MacCallum, 1973; Todd et al., 1981; Berson, 1983; Bienenfield and Brott, 1989; Cutting, 1994; Forstl et al., 1994; Signer, 1994). A great number of neuropsychiatric conditions have been described as being associated with the syndrome, including Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, multi-infarct dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Fahr syndrome (idiopathic basal ganglia calcification), head trauma, ischaemic stroke, epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, pituitary tumour, multiple myeloma, multiple sclerosis, viral encephalitis, frontal lobe pathology, neurosyphilis and AIDS. Other medical associations include hypothyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hepatic encephalopathy, copper toxicity, homocystinuria, chloroquine-induced psychosis, therapeutic doses of lithium as well as lithium toxicity, therapeutic doses of cardidopa-L-dopa, disulfiram, ketamine, pneumonia, Klinefelter syndrome, reactive hypoglycaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, ECT-induced psychosis, postpartum depression, pre-eclampsia and pulmonary embolism.
Fahr’s disease associated with anaplastic ependymoma: a case report and review of the literature
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Abdussamet Batur, Ömer Faruk Topaloğlu
In the literature, the association of Fahr’s disease and brain tumor is not frequently defined. In a recent study by Lin et al. the fifth case of brain tumor associated with Fahr’s disease was presented and all were reported as low-grade glioma.3 Also, Jaworski et al. described coexistence of Fahr’s syndrome with low-grade brain tumors such as astrocytoma and pineal body gangliocytoma.19 Histopathology studies in patients with Fahr’s disease have noted extensive calcification accompanied by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of astrocytes. Furthermore, several genetic alterations such as platelet-derived growth factor β polypeptide gene, have also been demonstrated to be involved in the development of glioma.3 For all that, whether the occurrence of astrocytoma could be linked etiologically to long-standing astroglial proliferation remains speculative. According to our knowledge, the study showing the association of anaplastic ependymoma and Fahr’s disease in the literature has not been previously presented. However, we do not have sufficient data neither in the literature to prove that the cause of the tumor is Fahr’s disease. There are publications stating that the disease is associated with astrocyte proliferation, but we could not reach data to show its relationship with ependymia.
Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced cerebellitis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Mohammad Banazadeh, Sepehr Olangian-Tehrani, Melika Sharifi, Mohammadreza Malek-Ahmadi, Farhad Nikzad, Nooria Doozandeh-Nargesi, Alireza Mohammadi, Gary J. Stephens, Mohammad Shabani
In Demir et al.’s research46, a patient obtained CT pictures before being diagnosed with Fahr’s syndrome and exhibited bilateral calcifications at the basal ganglia, nucleus dentatus, corona radiata, and cerebellum.