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Dementia
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Pat Chung, Trish (Patricia) Vella-Burrows
The risks of dementia are also increased by long-term exposure to air pollution; hearing impairment, which is thought to limit cognitive stimulation; less childhood education, which may be associated with lower cognitive reserve; and traumatic brain injury through sports such as boxing or riding, and traffic accidents (Peters et al., 2019; Grande et al., 2020; Livingston et al., 2020). Although age is the strongest risk factor for cognitive decline, risks from health-related behaviours can be modified.
Hereditary and Metabolic Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Adults
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Minor criteria include: Parkinsonian symptoms.Cognitive decline: Short-term memory disorder.Executive function deficits.Personality changes with volatile mood: anger outbursts, inappropriate or impulsive actions.Peripheral neuropathy: sensory or autonomic.Females may have the same symptoms as males, but usually less severe. In addition, they may have: Fibromyalgia.Hypothyroidism.Epilepsy.Premature ovarian failure.
Vitamin C in Neurological Function and Neurodegenerative Disease
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C, 2020
Shilpy Dixit, David C. Consoli, Krista C. Paffenroth, Jordyn M. Wilcox, Fiona E. Harrison
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause for dementia, with nearly 5.7 million Americans living with Alzheimer dementia in 2018 (Alzheimer’s Association [United States] 2018). While the histopathology of AD is well-defined by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell death, the etiology remains elusive, as research in the field has been unable to confirm these histopathologic changes as the specific cause or consequence of the disease. Currently, few effective treatments exist for either the pathology or cognitive decline, and therefore, any intervention that can delay disease onset would significantly lessen the health burden of the disease. Chronic, subclinical vitamin C deficiency may impact AD pathogenesis via several key mechanisms and is thus an essential neuroprotector against disease progression.
Association Between Neuropsychological Functions and Activities of Daily Living in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Rogério Paulo dos Santos Henriques, Pablo Tomas-Carus, José Francisco Filipe Marmeleira
Cognitive decline is not the inevitable result of aging; rather it is an impairment (Bangen et al., 2019; Lindeboom & Weinstein, 2004). The symptoms often appear in a continuum in which the impairment is functional, but cognitive too (Amanzio et al., 2018). Neurocognitive disorders can range from a mild to a major degree of limitations (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is made after evidence of a small degree of cognitive decline, from a previous level of performance, in one or more cognitive domains, such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function or social cognition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The diagnostic criteria also consider that the i-ADL are reasonably preserved, and that decline cannot be better explained by other mental disorders.
An insight into the neuroprotective effects and molecular targets of pomegranate (Punica granatum
) against Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Namy George, Majed AbuKhader, Khalid Al Balushi, Bushra Al Sabahi, Shah Alam Khan
Cognitive decline increases with advancing in age and an estimated 40% of people 65 years and older have age-associated memory impairment. Mild forgetfulness and loss of memory are among the top health concerns of middle-aged and older adults as they can interfere with daily functioning and quality of life. The natural process of cognitive decline can be related to genetic and/or non-genetic factors such as diet and exercise [120]. Oxidative damage and inflammation occurs in the brain are the main contributors for the etiology of cognitive decline. Therefore, epidemiological studies have suggested a link between antioxidant consumption and cognitive protection [121]. There are few clinical studies conducted to evaluate the impact of pomegranate intake on cognitive function. Table 2 shows a summary of three clinical studies [122–124] in which pomegranate either as juice or powdered supplement was administered to human subjects to evaluate its impact on memory and cognitive performance over time. By using various memory test approaches adopted by these three studies, the outcomes reported in these studies are all in agreement that a chronic intake of pomegranate fruit juice can have a positive impact on and augmenting memory function.
Effectiveness of a Visual Imagery Training Program to Improve Prospective Memory in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Study
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Ariane Lajeunesse, Marie-Julie Potvin, Véronique Labelle, Marie-Joëlle Chasles, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat, Juan Manuel Villalpando, Sven Joubert, Isabelle Rouleau
There is little to inconclusive evidence that pharmacological interventions prevent or stabilize cognitive decline (e.g., Fink et al., 2018; Petersen et al., 2018; Vega & Newhouse, 2014). Therefore, non-pharmacological alternatives have become an appealing option. Reviews and meta-analyses concluded that, for older adults with and without MCI, cognitive interventions were effective in improving different cognitive domains, such as processing speed, attention, retrospective memory, executive functions, and fluid intelligence (Belleville, 2008; Faucounau et al., 2010; Gross et al., 2012; Li et al., 2011; Reijnders et al., 2013; Sherman et al., 2017; Verhaeghen et al., 1992). Some of these cognitive interventions also had a positive impact on quality of life, emotional states, and self-rated measures of memory and functional abilities (Faucounau et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011). However, the literature regarding cognitive interventions for PM is much less extensive, particularly in the MCI population.