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Ayahuasca
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Raquel Consul, Flávia Lucas, Maria Graça Campos
In this sense, the assay performed in pregnant Wistar rats, proved Ayahuasca’s possible teratogenic effect, namely, in the organogenesis and foetal development period. Decreased food intake, and consequent decrease in weight gain by pregnant rats, seems to be at the origin of this possible toxicity, as dietary restrictions may cause malformations, delays in growth, and development of the foetus, as noted. The incomplete ossification of the hyoid and nasal bones and asymmetry of the sternum were the most frequently observed skeletal variations, as well as third ventricle and lateral brain ventricle defects, the incidence of which is dose dependent (Oliveira et al. 2010).
Williams–Beuren Syndrome
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Hui Zhang, Barbara Pober, Cheryl Klaiman, Robert Schultz
The CYLN2 gene encodes CLIP-115, a cytoplasmic linker protein (CLIP), that mediates interaction between cell organelles and microtubules which are important for cell organelle shape, intracellular localization, and translocation (181). CLIP-115 is most abundantly expressed in the brain. Disruption of the Cyln2 gene in mice results in mild growth deficiency, increased brain ventricle volume, and decreased corpus callosum size, hippocampal dysfunction, and impaired motor coordination (167). These findings strongly implicate deletion of CYLN2 in the cognitive and neurological phenotypes of WBS.
Posaconazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Fedja Farowski, Oliver A. Cornely
Because of preclinical safety concerns the intravenous formulation of posaconazole should not be administered to pediatric patients. In very young dogs (dosed from 2–8 weeks of age), receiving the intravenous formulation, an increased incidence of brain ventricle enlargement was observed. Juvenile dogs (4 days to 9 months of age) receiving an oral formulation of posaconazole showed no neurologic, behavioral or developmental abnormalities (Merck Sharp & Dohme, 2009).
Head-to-head comparison of prognostic models of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: tools for personalized care and clinical trial in ICH
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Ruijun Ji, Wenjuan Wang, Xinyu Liu, Linlin Wang, Ruixuan Jiang, Runhua Zhang, Dandan Wang, Jiaokun Jia, Hao Feng, Zeyu Ding, Yanfang Liu, Gaifen Liu, Jingjing Lu, Yi Ju, Xingquan Zhao
A standardized electronic case report form (eCRF) was used for data collection. Participating centers collected data and submitted it online to the coordinating center at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. For this study, the following candidate variables were analyzed: (1) demographics; (2) time from onset to hospital; (3) stroke risk factors; (4) pre-admission antithrombotic medications; (5) pre-stroke mRS score; (6) admission stroke severity based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score; (7) admission systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg): (8) admission laboratory tests; (9) neuroimaging variables: intracerebral hemorrhage volume (measured using the ABC/2 method [10]), hematoma location (supratentorial or infratentorial ICH), intraventricular extension (presence or absence) and subarachnoid extension (presence or absence). All images were prospectively viewed by a trained neuroradiologist blinded to clinical data. (10) etiology diagnosis at discharge (primary or secondary ICH); (11) surgical treatment (craniotomy evacuation, minimal-invasive surgical therapy or brain ventricle puncture and drainage); (12) withdrawal of medical care; and (13) length of hospital stay (LOS).
The great family of cerebral ventricles: Some intruders in the portrait gallery
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
The ventricular system of the encephalon consists of “a series of interconnecting spaces and channels within the brain, which are derived from the central lumen of the embryonic neural tube and the cerebral vesicles to which it gives rise” (Standring 2016, 271). In other words, a brain ventricle may be defined as an enlarged cavity of embryonic origin, lined with ependymal cells and containing choroid plexus and moving cerebrospinal fluid. Taking this definition into account, neuroanatomists describe four cerebral ventricles: two lateral (telencephalic) ventricles, a third (diencephalic, V3) ventricle, and a fourth (rhombencephalic, V4) ventricle. However, other nooks of the central nervous system have also been referred to as ventricles in the past centuries: Rightly or wrongly is the question we will be debating in this article.
Antinociceptive potency of a fluorinated cyclopeptide Dmt-c[D-Lys-Phe-p-CF3-Phe-Asp]NH2
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018
Justyna Piekielna-Ciesielska, Adriano Mollica, Stefano Pieretti, Jakub Fichna, Agata Szymaszkiewicz, Marta Zielińska, Radzisław Kordek, Anna Janecka
The hot-plate test was performed as described earlier35. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections were performed in a volume of 10 µl/animal, in the left brain ventricle of manually immobilized mice with a Hamilton microsyringe (50 µl) connected to a needle (diameter 0.5 mm). Peptides were also administrated in mice intravenously (i.v.) in a volume of 1 ml/kg. All compounds used for i.c.v. and i.v. administration were dissolved in saline. A transparent plastic cylinder (14 cm diameter, 31 cm height) was used to confine the mouse on the heated (55 ± 0.5 °C) surface of the plate. The animals were placed on the hot plate 5 min after the i.c.v. injection of saline (control) or peptides and the latencies to paw licking, rearing and jumping were measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration of a peptide. A cut-off time of 240 s was used to avoid tissue injury. The percentage of the maximal possible effect (%MPE) was calculated as: %MPE = (t1 − t0)/(t2 − t0) × 100, where t0: control latency, t1: test latency, and t2: cut-off time. The median antinociceptive dose (ED50) was calculated according to the method of Litchfield and Wilcox36.