China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cortical Visual Loss
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
This is a rare set of several conditions (Figure 20.8). Patients with general visual agnosia don't recognize previously familiar objects and cannot learn to recognize new objects by vision alone (124, 125). This deficit may be less dramatic with real three-dimensional objects than with line-drawn objects, which have fewer visual cues. To confirm that this is a visual disorder, the examiner should show that the patient can recognize the same objects by sound or touch. To ensure that this is agnosia rather than anomia, the patient should be asked if they know anything about the object besides its name, such as where it is found, how it is used, etc.
Application of errorless learning in the treatment of acquired communication disorders
Published in Catherine Haslam, Roy P.C. Kessels, Errorless Learning in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Having set the scene with regard to previous aphasia treatments utilizing EL learning as well as explaining the deeper theoretical paradigm, Fillingham and colleagues conducted a number of case-series therapy studies with people who acquired chronic anomia secondary to stroke aphasia. In so doing, they were the first to make the direct comparison between the relative benefits of EL and EF learning methods in treating communication disorders; in this instance, naming. The first of these was a treatment study with 11 stroke participants (Fillingham, Sage & Lambon Ralph, 2006) who were recruited on the basis that they had obvious word-finding difficulties (scoring <70% on a naming test) due to a central language impairment. Other inclusion criteria included participants being in the post-spontaneous recovery period (at least six months post-stroke), and being able to repeat and/or read with a high degree of accuracy (above 70% on word-reading and/or repetition tests). It is important to note that this represents a sub-section of the aphasia population and that in adopting these inclusion criteria, the Fillingham et al. studies aimed to optimize the feasibility of EL methods through targeting the participants least likely to generate errors in the training procedure.
Recognising and engaging with language problems
Published in Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster, Addressing Brain Injury in Under-Resourced Settings, 2017
Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster
Patients with language impairments almost always have difficulty naming things (finding the correct word to use) – known as anomia. This symptom is often accompanied by a number of other types of language problem, which can involve: Difficulty understanding (comprehending) spoken and written languageDifficulty producing speech and writingDifficulty repeating what has been saidA combination of the above
Improvement in functional vocabulary and generalization to conversation following a self-administered treatment using a smart tablet in primary progressive aphasia
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Monica Lavoie, Nathalie Bier, Robert Laforce, Joël Macoir
Among the language difficulties found in PPA, anomia is often the first symptom reported by patients and the most disturbing. Anomia has been described as difficulty retrieving a specific word at the right time (Goodglass, 2001). It occurs in conversation as well as in specific tasks involving word-finding (e.g., naming, picture description). The manifestations of anomia may include non-responses, delays, production of semantic paraphasias (i.e., substitution of the target word by a word that is semantically related; e.g., pear → apple) or phonological paraphasias (i.e., production of a phonological error within the word; e.g., apple → papple). According to cognitive models of spoken production (Caramazza, 1997), a series of specialized and interconnected components must be activated in order to produce a specific word. First, the concept corresponding to the word is activated in semantic memory, a long-term memory that stores conceptual knowledge about words, objects, etc. The corresponding phonological representation is then retrieved in the phonological output lexicon, a long-term memory encoding the phonological representations of words. This phonological representation is then maintained in the phonological output buffer, also known as phonological working memory, allowing the motor processes to prepare for the production of the word. In svPPA, the primary cause of anomia is impairment to the semantic memory, while in lvPPA, anomia is mostly caused by an impairment of the phonological buffer, which results in difficulty maintaining the sequence of sounds correctly.
Long-Term maintenance of anomia treatment effects in primary progressive aphasia
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Aaron M. Meyer, Donna C. Tippett, R. Scott Turner, Rhonda B. Friedman
In summary, studies of treatment for anomia in PPA have included phonological, orthographic, semantic, and hybrid treatments, and all appear to have met with some degree of success within every subtype. However, with rare exceptions, different types of treatments have not been tested against one another. Only two studies have compared phonological and semantic treatments in a within-subjects design (Dressel et al., 2010; Jokel et al., 2016). Jokel et al. found that both types of treatment were effective in svPPA, and only one of the four participants showed a significantly larger effect for semantic treatment than for phonological treatment. Dressel et al. found that semantic treatment was initially more effective than phonological treatment in a single participant with svPPA, but this advantage was not maintained at follow-up. Thus, there is currently little evidence that a particular type of treatment is more effective within a given subtype of PPA. One of the goals of this study is to directly compare different types of treatment within subjects.
A tablet-based home practice program paired with telepractice promotes maintenance and learning of objects and actions in individuals with chronic aphasia
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2019
Stephanie M. Grasso, Maya L. Henry
Anomia is a pervasive feature of stroke-induced aphasia, and therefore, it is incumbent upon researchers to continue to develop effective interventions for word retrieval impairments (e.g. Goodglass & Wingfield, 1997; Raymer, 2005; Wilshire & Coslett, 2000). Important factors to consider include those related to treatment intensity such as the frequency and duration of treatment and subsequent practice. One promising modality for increasing the frequency and duration of continued target practice is that of application-based programs on smart devices (e.g. Choi, Park, & Paik, 2016; Des Roches, Balachandran, Ascenso, Tripodis, & Kiran, 2015; Kiran, Des Roches, Balachandran, & Ascenso, 2014; Kurland, Wilkins, & Stokes, 2014; Lavoie, Routhier, Legare, & Macoir, 2016; Routhier, Bier, & Macoir, 2016). This study investigated whether individuals with chronic aphasia demonstrated (1) a protective benefit for previously treated nouns and verbs and (2) improvement on previously untreated nouns and verbs. In addition, this study explored whether specific variables were related to home program success (defined by the authors as change in accurate naming of practiced and unpracticed pictures).