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Factors That Can Exacerbate Seizures
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
David E. Burdette, Robert G. Feldman
The hypomagnesemic state is also associated with neuromuscular and neuronal irritability. The most common causes include malnutrition, alcoholism, gastrointestinal losses, acute pancreatitis, renal insufficiency, vitamin D intoxication, and hypoparathyroidism (18). A common concurrent electrolyte disorder is hypocalcemia, which also results from a state of functional hypoparathyroidism, wherein hypomagnesemia causes a reversible decrease in parathyroid hormone release as well as a decreased peripheral responsiveness to the hormone (23).
Electrolyte Management
Published in Stephen M. Cohn, Matthew O. Dolich, Kenji Inaba, Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, 2016
Brian O’Gara, Balachundhar Subramaniam, Alan Lisbon
Recommendation: Hypernatremia is a commonly encountered electrolyte disorder on admission and is also likely to develop during the course of a patient’s stay. Elevations in serum sodium above 145 mmol/L should be avoided and treated appropriately as it has been shown to be independently associated with increased mortality.
Fluid and electrolyte disorders
Published in Philip E. Harris, Pierre-Marc G. Bouloux, Endocrinology in Clinical Practice, 2014
Ploutarchos Tzoulis, Pierre-Marc G. Bouloux
Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in critically ill patients in ICUs. Two percent of patients are hypernatremic on admission to the ICU and 7% develop hypernatremia during the ICU stay.94
Novel model predicts diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Mingyu Hao, Xiaohong Huang, Xueting Liu, Xiaokang Fang, Haiyan Li, Lingbo Lv, Liming Zhou, Tiecheng Guo, Dewen Yan
CK-MB is mainly distributed in myocardial tissue and is a marker for evaluating myocardial injury [40]. Recent studies have shown that the level of CK-MB is positively correlated with the decrease of left ventricular diastolic function, and the content of CK-MB in the blood is closely related to the degree of myocardial injury [41]. This study used CK-MB as a risk factor to affect diastolic cardiac dysfunction in T2DM patients. The common electrolyte disorder in patients with heart failure is hyponatremia [42], with an incidence of 5–30% [43]. Previous Studies have shown that the mortality and readmission rates of heart failure patients with hyponatremia are significantly higher than those without hyponatremia. Here our data show that increased or decreased? Serum sodium reduces the risk of diastolic cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, decreasing serum sodium in diabetic patients is essential for DCM heart failure.
Inpatient management and post-discharge outcomes of hyperkalemia
Published in Hospital Practice, 2021
Jill Davis, Rubeen Israni, Fan Mu, Erin E. Cook, Harold Szerlip, Gabriel Uwaifo, Vivian Fonseca, Keith A. Betts
Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte disorder characterized by elevated levels of serum potassium [1]. Symptoms include muscle weakness, paralysis, and cardiac dysfunction (e.g., arrhythmia), which may be life-threatening [2,3]. Risk factors for hyperkalemia include comorbidities (e.g., chronic kidney disease [CKD], hypertension, type 2 diabetes), medications (e.g., renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors [RAASi]), and high potassium intake [4,5]. In 2014, the annual prevalence of hyperkalemia among adults in the general population of the United States (US) was estimated at 1.55% (3.7 million) [6]. However, the prevalence of hyperkalemia can vary by condition. For example, 6.35% of adults with CKD and/or heart failure were estimated to have hyperkalemia and 41.2% of pre-dialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) were estimated to have hyperkalemia [6,7]. The clinical and economic burden associated with hyperkalemia is considerable. Patients with hyperkalemia were reported to incur two to three times the all-cause health costs compared to patients without hyperkalemia ($31,844 vs. 15,861 USD), a difference which persisted after adjustment for comorbid conditions, age, and gender [8]. In that same analysis, patients with hyperkalemia had twice as many hospital visits and longer lengths of stay compared to patients without hyperkalemia [8]. The clinical and economic burden associated with hyperkalemia is expected to increase as the prevalence of associated risk factors continues to rise [9].
The pharmacotherapeutic management of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Juan Tamargo, Ricardo Caballero, Eva Delpón
Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte disorder resulting from an increased K+ intake, an impaired distribution between intracellular and/or extracellular spaces and/or a decreased renal K+ excretion. Patients at highest risk of hyperkalemia are those with CVD (HF with reduced ejection fraction, arterial hypertension, CAD), particularly when treated with RAASIs. However, RAASIs are highly recommended in clinical guidelines because at the doses used in RCTs they slow the progression of CVD and significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes (hospitalizations, mortality) as compared with patients who are treated with lower doses or who discontinue the treatment [6–12]. Thus, clinicians face the challenge of finding a balance between optimizing life-saving therapy while minimizing hyperkalemia-associated risk.