China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
A diabetic with diarrhoea
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Acute diarrhoea is a symptom that nearly everybody has experienced. Thankfully most diarrhoeal illnesses are self-limiting, and most sufferers do not seek medical advice. In contrast, chronic diarrhoea is associated with significant morbidity. There are many underlying causes and sequelae. This scenario shows how the patient’s history will define the cause, direct relevant investigations, and predict/identify potential associations and complications.
Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Brain and Spinal Tumors
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Ralph Salloum, Katherine Baum, Melissa Gerstle, Helen Spoudeas, Susan R. Rose
Photon RT is known to damage surrounding normal brain tissue and endothelium. Clinically, sequelae can manifest acutely and persist chronically and include leukoencephalopathy, stroke, neurological deficits, necrosis, vasculopathy, moyamoya, and cavernomas.
Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) in Cattle: An Update
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Follicular aspiration is a technique with pros and cons. The risk of sequelae must be considered. The procedure must be performed carefully to minimize the possible damage that allows the results to outweigh the expected results (Da Silva et al., 2016).
Understanding barriers to vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease: a survey of the knowledge gap and potential solutions
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Isabella Ballalai, Rob Dawson, Michael Horn, Vinny Smith, Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, Lamine Soumahoro, Nevena Vicic
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), is a leading cause of life-threatening bacterial meningitis and septicemia in most developed countries, with a fatality rate of 8–15% [1–5]. IMD is uncommon, with reported case rates ranging from 0.1 to 2.4 cases per 100,000 in Europe [6]. However, long-term sequelae occur in approximately 10–20% of survivors and include physical, neurological, and psychological phenomena [5]. Amputations and skin scarring are the most common physical sequelae [7–9]. Hearing loss, seizures, cognitive impairment, motor deficits, and visual impairment are the most frequently reported neurological sequelae [5]. Psychological sequelae include post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [5]. These sequelae contributed to the recognition of meningitis as the fourth largest contributor of neurological disability-adjusted life years in 2016 [10]. In addition to the impact of IMD on patients, caring for individuals with IMD has an impact on the health-related quality of life of the caregiver [5,11].
Experimental drugs in randomized controlled trials for long-COVID: what’s in the pipeline? A systematic and critical review
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2023
Shin Jie Yong, Alice Halim, Michael Halim, Long Chiau Ming, Khang Wen Goh, Mubarak Alfaresi, Bashayer M. AlShehail, Mona A. Al Fares, Mohammed Alissa, Tarek Sulaiman, Zainab Alsalem, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Faryal Khamis, Nawal A. Al Kaabi, Hawra Albayat, Ahmed Alsheheri, Mohammed Garout, Jameela Alsalman, Amal H. Alfaraj, Mashael Alhajri, Kuldeep Dhama, Lamees M. Alburaiky, Ahlam H. Alsanad, Abdelmunim T. AlShurbaji, Ali A. Rabaan
Only trials examining the efficacy of at least one drug in treating long-COVID patients compared to controls were included. Inclusion criteria were determined using the PICOS (patient, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design) framework [22]. The patient group was long-COVID, i.e. COVID-19 survivors with at least one symptom or organ sequelae persisting for ≥12 weeks after COVID-19 symptom onset, diagnosis, or hospital discharge. Patients diagnosed with long-COVID but without specified symptomatic duration were also considered. Patients with symptoms or organ sequela lasting for <12 weeks at follow-up were considered as probable long-COVID. Organ sequelae are defined as organ abnormalities diagnosed via imaging scans or organ function tests. The intervention was the drug or pharmaceutical treatment examined. The comparator was placebo, standard care, or no treatment. The outcome was any change in long-COVID symptoms or organ sequelae. The study design was RCTs. Articles and records were excluded if they (i) were terminated or withdrawn; (ii) did not have the appropriate comparator; (iii) examined non-pharmaceutical drug treatments; (iv) investigated treatments for acute COVID-19 only; or (v) were observational studies, reviews, meta-analyses, or editorials.
Animal models for the discovery of novel drugs for post-traumatic stress disorder
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Animal models of PTSD are essential for the development of novel pharmacological treatments for the disorder. To evaluate the efficacy of such treatments, investigators can use models that produce a wide array of PTSD-like changes in physiology and behavior, or they can use models that result in specific symptoms of the condition (e.g., heightened anxiety, powerful fear memory). An important component of future research will be to identify mechanisms that underlie increased susceptibility to trauma-induced changes in physiology and behavior. With an identification of such mechanisms, novel pharmacological agents can be developed to mitigate the onset of PTSD-like sequelae in susceptible subjects. These agents could be given shortly after experiencing a traumatic event in an attempt to prophylactically prevent the onset of PTSD-like symptomatology, or they could be administered after PTSD-like symptoms develop to determine whether such symptoms can be reversed.