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Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Primary causes of selenium deficiency include inadequate dietary intake, PN formulations without selenium, and AUD. Dietary sources of selenium are called selenoproteins as selenium is bound to the amino acids methionine and cysteine.2,62 The amount of selenium in food is affected by the concentration of selenium in the soil, which varies greatly throughout the world, but is noted to be lower in China compared to other countries.62 The Chinese population also has higher rates of some cancers, suggesting that selenium supplementation or consumption may have a protective effect; however, evidence directly relating selenium intake and cancer is lacking. Patients with surgical resection of the duodenum and proximal jejunum are also at risk of selenium deficiency as these are the primary locations of selenium absorption.31,62
Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Clinical presentation: Selenium deficiency is associated with myriad symptoms, including myalgias, depression and anxiety, macrocytosis, immune dysfunction, and whitened nail beds. Deficiency is typically seen in severely malnourished patients and those receiving total parenteral nutrition. Selenosis secondary to overconsumption of selenium manifests with gastrointestinal upset, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and hair and nail changes.
Ultratrace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Long-term TPN in humans without selenium intake has frequently resulted in lowered serum levels of selenium and depressed activity of blood GPx activity.1054 Some patients exhibited cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness (two signs of selenium deficiency in animals), but those findings could not conclusively be attributed to selenium deficiency. Overall, selenium deficiency symptoms are not well defined in humans and may manifest as vague muscular complaints.1057 Perhaps a selenium deficiency predisposes to symptoms that manifest when other conditions are met.
Correlation between dietary selenium intake and stroke in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Wenrui Shi, Liang Su, Jian Wang, Fangze Wang, Xu Liu, Jianxin Dou
In this study, we observed a non-linear negative correlation between dietary selenium intake and the risk of stroke in adults. A significant decrease in the risk of stroke was observed until 105 μg dietary selenium was consumed per day. Previous studies have shown a correlation between selenium deficiency and cardiovascular diseases [21,22]. Therefore, selenium supplementation to improve health is becoming increasingly popular. However, selenium is toxic at high levels [23]. The recommended daily adequate selenium intake is 70 μg for adults with a tolerable upper intake level of 400 μg/day [14,24]. Our research shows that a selenium intake of approximately 105 μg per day has an optimum beneficial effect on the risk of stroke. Increasing selenium intake has no further benefit. This finding validates our previous hypothesis and may explain why selenium supplementation (200 μg/day) had no effect on stroke risk in the NPC trial.
Sex-specific relationship between blood selenium levels and platelet count in a large cohort representative of the United States population
Published in Platelets, 2022
Selenium, a metalloid that shares several properties with sulfur, is an essential trace element for human health [1,2]. Selenium deficiency is associated with immune impairment, endocrine and reproductive disorders, and juvenile cardiomyopathy (Keshan disease) [1]. Selenium deficiency often results from low selenium content in the diet – food from plants grown or animals raised on soil with low selenium concentration has low selenium content. Several parts of the world have low selenium soil concentration and by some estimates, up to 10% of the world population may have subclinical selenium deficiency [3]. Dietary selenium, through incorporation into selenoproteins, participates in several important functions including redox homeostasis, modulation of intracellular signaling cascades and transcription factors, and thyroid hormone metabolism [4].
The user safety assessment of a selenized yeast feed additive
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Gerry P. Dillon, Colm A. Moran
Selenium is a micronutrient essential for human and animal health. It is associated with a range of biological functions, such as reproduction and fertility, antioxidant processes, the reduction of inflammation and DNA synthesis1,2. In livestock, selenium deficiency can lead to conditions including muscular dystrophy, pneumonia, unthriftiness and reduced weight gain3. Inorganic and organic selenium compounds are commonly used in animal nutrition to supplement livestock diets4. Typically, organic selenium comes in the form of selenized yeast using a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with selenomethionine and selenocysteine as the main organic compounds present, along with an abundance of other low molecular weight selenocompounds5.