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Ultratrace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
The major deficiency symptoms of selenium in humans have been documented in certain regions of China and eastern Siberia. Of interest to connective tissue healing is Kashin-Beck disease, and endemic osteoarthropathy in China.1051,1055–1057 Kashin-Beck disease is a chronic, disabling, degenerative osteoarthrosis that affects mainly children and adolescents. Kashin-Beck disease occurs in areas with very low soil and food selenium levels, but other factors are thought to be involved. Therefore, one manifestation of a selenium deficiency in humans may be degenerative joint disease. Kashin-Beck disease has been reversed by sodium selenite supplementation (0.5 to 2.0 mg sodium selenite per week).1051,1055–1057 Other deficiency syndromes may be hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk for cancers, but a clear cause and effect is difficult to prove.
Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Two endemic diseases have been associated with Se deficiency. Keshan’s disease is a type of heart disease characterized by cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, abnormal ECG, and multifocal necrosis of the myocardium. The disease is prevalent in children and women of childbearing age. Kashin–Beck disease is an osteoarthropathic disease characterized by atrophic necrosis and degeneration of cartilage. Both conditions are satisfactorily treated with Se supplementation.
Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries – a review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Khouloud Ben Hassouna, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Kamel Chaieb, Samir Abbès
In fact, the toxins type A and B are the most pertinent TCT, in relation to their natural occurrence in food and high toxicity in humans and animals (Rocha et al. 2005; Wu et al. 2013; Wei et al. 2017). The most known TCT of these two groups are T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) from group A and B, respectively. They are extremely toxic and are found all over the world (Wu et al. 2010; 2014). Usually, T-2 toxin is commonly found in barley, wheat, maize, oat, rice, cereal-based food, and soybeans (EFSA POCITFC 2011; Krska et al. 2014). Furthermore, as compared to type B analogues, type A trichothecenes are the most toxic (Agriopoulou et al. 2020). T-2 toxin is the most toxic one, it inhibits growth and provoke sublethal and sometimes fatal toxicosis in humans and animals (Wu et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2017; 2017). Furthermore, Li et al. (2016) have found that exposure to T-2 toxin is linked to the incidence and progress of Kashin–Beck disease.
Proteomic characterization of the human lens and Cataractogenesis
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Classification of lens age or pathology based on a whole-proteome measurement requires sufficient network coverage to minimize unmeasured feature, so-called ‘missing data’, impact on model development. Surprisingly, there are relatively few studies that correlate age with whole lens proteome changes. In the lens, an ontological protein analysis detected 19 ontologies differentially expressed by increased protein abundance; however, this analysis was limited to one age-related cataract that encompassed cortical fibers and nuclear fibers [132]. Additionally, quantitative codependent enrichment was not calculated, which is now computationally realistic with GSEA or PSEA-quant algorithms [133]. In other long-lived protein containing tissues, LC-MS/MS has been used for detection of proteins and protein networks which are most influential in aging and pathology by employing machine learning classification [154,156,178]. In cartilage, measurement of age-matched subjects revealed significant differences between Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis tissues [156]. While each disease is similar, 375 proteins were found to be differentially expressed and were significantly associated with cell junctions, and signal transducer activity. In muscle fiber proteomics from 60 healthy patients, differences between patients along a continuous age gradient was readily detected by PCA feature extraction, yielding 361 proteins with reduced representation and 904 with increased representation as a function of age [178]. Overexpression analysis of the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that ribosomal proteins and proteins involved in energetic metabolism were downregulated with age, while proteins associated with immunity, proteostasis and alternative splicing were upregulated. Since strictly healthy patients were used in this cohort, no biomarker of disease was analyzed. The successes of biomarker and age-determination studies clearly paves a path for the future of ARNC proteomics research, and continuous improvements in the methods for analysis must be actively considered for effective investigation.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in the Chinese Qiang population
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2018
Xiao-bo Huang, Fei Chen, Wen Dai, Lei Song, Jiao Tu, Jun-bo Xu, Jian-xiong Liu, Yan-jing Yi, Ya Liu, Yong Chen, Tzung-Dau Wang, Shui-ping Zhao
Hypertension, because of its high prevalence and the resulting risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases, has become an important worldwide public health challenge (1). It is a major risk factor associated with death in China (2). With the rapid development of social economy and increase in unhealthy living habits of ordinary people, the prevalence of hypertension in China is increasing rapidly. National surveys between 2007 and 2008 showed that hypertension prevalence among Chinese adults aged above 20 years was 26.6%, with a total number of patients of about 0.254 billion in China (3). The situation for prevention and treatment of hypertension is severe. China is a developing country with a vast area and 56 nationalities. The prevalence and risk factors for different populations are always different, and even greater among minorities (4–7). The Qiang population, one of the minorities, may be the oldest nationality in China. It was discovered by archaeology that in the Oracle, the first known writing description in China, “Qiang” is the only character used for ethnic titles, and is also the earliest record of titles for the Chinese populations (8). The Qiang population mainly lives in Mao, Wenchuan, Lixian, and Songpan counties of Aba Prefecture, and Beichuan and Pingwu counties in Mianyang City in the Szechwan Province. These settlements are located in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with the landscape dominated by mountains and canyons. In the “5.12” catastrophic earthquake disaster at Wenchuan in the Szechwan Province in 2008, the Qiang population lost about 10% of its people, and currently the total population is about 300,000. People of the Qiang population have their own language, believe in primitive religion, and are good at singing and dancing. Agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry are relatively developed in areas of the Qiang population, while industry is relatively weak, awareness about health is poor, sanitary equipment is backward, and medical level is low. Qiang residential areas are economically underdeveloped regions of China and are still the endemic regions of the Chinese Kashin–Beck disease and echinococcosis. Mao county has the largest population of Qiang, with the annual output of agriculture and forestry 536 million yuan, the annual output value of industrial 471 million yuan, and 381 beds, 422 health and technical personnel in the whole health institutions from National Economic and Social Development statistics bulletin of Mao County in 2012. Currently, little is known about the epidemiological data of hypertension for the Qiang population in China, which brings certain difficulties in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases among this population. Therefore, an investigation team entered into the Alpine areas regardless of difficult conditions and conducted the study on prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among the Chinese Qiang population aged above 20 years in the Mao County, to establish the knowledge base regarding the prevention and treatment of hypertension among the Qiang population.