China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Adequate selenium intake is approximately 55 µg/day for adults.13 More evidence is needed to determine an appropriate dose of selenium to correct deficiency.7 Ultimately, consuming a balanced diet is the best way to prevent a selenium deficiency.
Hyperthyroidism
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Selenium is required for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Selenium concentration is higher in the thyroid gland than in any other organ in the body. Among patients on anti-thyroid medications, those taking selenium supplements may achieve normal thyroid levels more quickly than those who do not.9 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the effects of 200 mcg/day selenium (as sodium selenite), 1,200 mg/day pentoxifylline (an anti-inflammatory agent), or a placebo for six months in 159 patients with mild Graves’ orbitopathy.8 Compared with patients treated with a placebo, those treated with selenium reported a higher quality of life. Furthermore, ophthalmic (thyroid eye disease) outcomes improved in 61% of patients in the selenium group compared with 36% of those in the placebo group, and only 7% of the selenium group had mild progression of the disease, compared with 26% of those in the placebo group.10
Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Clinical presentation: Selenium deficiency is associated with myriad symptoms, including myalgias, depression and anxiety, macrocytosis, immune dysfunction, and whitened nail beds. Deficiency is typically seen in severely malnourished patients and those receiving total parenteral nutrition. Selenosis secondary to overconsumption of selenium manifests with gastrointestinal upset, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and hair and nail changes.
Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Fatemeh BourBour, Samaneh Mirzaei Dahka, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Mohammad Esmail Akbari, Mahdi Shadnoush, Mohammad Haghighi, Hamidreza Taghvaye-Masoumi, Narjes Ashoori, Saied Doaei
Adequate intake of selenium improves immunity and reduces inflammation, mainly through boosting the synthesis of glutamine peroxidase, which protects neutrophils from oxidative stress (Avery and Hoffmann 2018, Gombart et al. 2020). Selenium deficiency and suppressed selenoprotein expression have been associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in various tissues including the gastrointestinal tract, the uterus, mammary gland, and other tissues. Dietary selenium deficiency that causes oxidative stress in the host can alter the viral genome, so that a normally benign or mildly pathogenic virus can become highly virulent in the deficient host under oxidative stress (Zhang and Liu 2020). Lei et al. reported that selenium supplementation might improve the immune function and the response to viral infections such as lethal influenza infection (Yu et al. 2011).
Correlation between dietary selenium intake and stroke in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Wenrui Shi, Liang Su, Jian Wang, Fangze Wang, Xu Liu, Jianxin Dou
In this study, we observed a non-linear negative correlation between dietary selenium intake and the risk of stroke in adults. A significant decrease in the risk of stroke was observed until 105 μg dietary selenium was consumed per day. Previous studies have shown a correlation between selenium deficiency and cardiovascular diseases [21,22]. Therefore, selenium supplementation to improve health is becoming increasingly popular. However, selenium is toxic at high levels [23]. The recommended daily adequate selenium intake is 70 μg for adults with a tolerable upper intake level of 400 μg/day [14,24]. Our research shows that a selenium intake of approximately 105 μg per day has an optimum beneficial effect on the risk of stroke. Increasing selenium intake has no further benefit. This finding validates our previous hypothesis and may explain why selenium supplementation (200 μg/day) had no effect on stroke risk in the NPC trial.
Sex-specific relationship between blood selenium levels and platelet count in a large cohort representative of the United States population
Published in Platelets, 2022
Selenium metabolism is complex and yet to be fully explored. In humans, food is the primary source of selenium intake with four molecules (selenocysteine, selenomethionine, selenite, and selenate) accounting for most of the bioavailable selenium in food [3]. Recommended daily intake for adults is between 55 and 70 μg; intake less than 12μg/day is associated with severe selenium deficiency while an intake above 500 μg/day results in selenium toxicity [16]. The absorption of selenium occurs mainly in the lower part of the small intestine and the gut microbiome may play a role in selenium bioavailability [17]. Once absorbed, selenium is rapidly taken up from circulation by tissues with the highest selenium concentrations found in kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, and heart. Excess selenium is excreted in the urine. In the tissues, selenium-based two rare amino acids, selenocysteine and selenomethionine, are incorporated into selenoproteins [18].