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Release of Nickel Ion from the Metal and Its Alloys as Cause of Nickel Allergy
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Katherine E. Reagan, Howard I. Maibach
With the purpose of observing whether sensitized subjects outfitted with a nickel-removable prosthesis would exhibit any manifestations of NAH, a population of 100 dental patients (50 women, 50 men) were subjected to a preoperative test for NAH by Jones et al. (1986) using a standard patch test. Inserts were put into 10 patients: 5 had positive patch test reactions, and 5 were patch-test negative. The metal insert consisted of Ticonium, an alloy of 70% nickel, 16% chromium, 2% aluminum, and 0.5% beryllium, and Vitallium™, an alloy that contains no nickel. The incidence of initial NAH was significant: 20% for women and 2% for men. However, none of the test subjects showed reactivity to nickel alloyed with chromium in the intraoral prostheses. Possibly the chromium metal alloyed with the nickel reduces the release of nickel ions in the oral environment. The authors conclude that patients with a history of NAH are not necessarily prevented from successfully wearing a nickel-containing dental prosthesis.
Orthopaedic surgery
Published in Harold Ellis, Sala Abdalla, A History of Surgery, 2018
Further advances included the development of non-reactive alloys such as vitallium to construct screws and plates, and the development of compression screws that allowed close apposition of the fracture surfaces. During the Second World War, Gerhard Küntscher (1900–1972) in Kiel, Germany, developed the intramedullary nail for fracture fixation (Figure 10.9). The difficulties of wartime communication meant that allied surgeons were unaware of this advance until they encountered returning prisoners of war who had had their fractures treated in this way. In recent years, external fixators have come into increasing use, particularly in the treatment of severely comminuted compound and multiple fractures – a technique first suggested by Lambotte nearly a century ago (Figure 10.10).
Direct Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
The approach was developed and enlarged by Marius SmithPetersen, a Norwegian American, in 1917, and is often still referred to as the Smith-Petersen approach in the English-speaking world [2]. He used the approach to treat many hip conditions, including hip impingement. He also used the approach for the first hip arthroplasties the vitallium-mould arthroplasty.
A case of total scaphoid titanium custom-made 3D-printed prostheses with one-year follow-up
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
The first scaphoid prosthesis was constructed from vitallium in 1945 [10], followed by the acrylic implant which was designed in 1950 [11]. However, in 1962, a truly revolutionary implant – the Silastic™ (Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI, USA) prosthesis – was introduced by Swanson [7,12–15]. The implant was increasingly used globally until severe problems of silicone synovitis were observed on long-term follow-up. However, biomechanical or anatomical problems were not reported for this implant [16]. The only disadvantages cited were silicone synovitis and severe wrist destruction caused by particulate implant debris [17]. Subsequently, Swanson developed the titanium implant in 1989. This prosthesis averted siliconitis while maintaining the good biomechanical and anatomic results of the silicone scaphoid implant [16]. However, the titanium implant did not attain the popularity of the silastic implant.
Understanding outcomes and toxicological aspects of second generation metal-on-metal hip implants: a state-of-the-art review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Michael Kovochich, Brent L. Finley, Rachel Novick, Andrew D. Monnot, Ellen Donovan, Kenneth M. Unice, Ernest S. Fung, David Fung, Dennis J. Paustenbach
Notable devices that preceded the early-generation MoM devices included the Smith–Petersen vitallium mold hip arthroplasty, the Judet brothers’ acrylic-stemmed prosthesis, as well as devices by Wiles and McBride (Smith-Petersen 1939; Judet and Judet 1952; McBride 1952; Scales 1966). Subsequently, surgeons including Thompson, Moore, and Eicher, among others, continued to develop metal intramedullary femoral stems with heads of varying sizes and shapes (Smith-Petersen 1939; Judet and Judet 1952; McBride 1952; Moore 1952; Thompson 1953; Eicher 1959; Scales 1966; Callaghan et al. 2007). During early hip implant development (i.e. 1950s and 1960s), the orthopedic community focused on improving clinical outcomes and extending the implant life by testing different fixation methods and surgical techniques, while simultaneously varying the device materials (e.g. metal alloys, plastics) and designs (Charnley 1961; McKee and Watson-Farrar 1966; Charnley 1970; McKee 1970; McKee and Chen 1973). Cobalt and chromium alloy (i.e. Vitallium) quickly became the material of choice due to its excellent biocompatibility while simultaneously offering optimal material properties to withstand stress (Smith-Petersen 1939; Judet and Judet 1950; Thompson 1954; Peltier 2007).
Prostheses for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Jillian M. Kazley, Keegan P. Cole, Khusboo J. Desai, Samuel Zonshayn, Andrew S. Morse, Samik Banerjee
In 1950, Dr. Charles Neer II, began developing and using arthroplasty to treat shoulder pathology. His hemiarthroplasty was one piece made of vitallium that showed improved pain and range of motion in most patients [2,3]. Neer noted his hemiarthroplasty patients with a deficient rotator cuff had less reliable results as far as postoperative mobility and pain relief. Patients with rotator cuff deficiency had superior migration of the humeral head and poor function results after hemiarthroplasty was confirmed by multiple other studies [4,5].