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Metallopharmaceuticals
Published in Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh, Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management, 2023
Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh
Molybdenum is classified as a second-row transition metal with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42 (Figure 4.17). It is an essential mineral that is found in high concentrations in legumes, grains, and organ meats, and is considered essential for human life (Rowles 2017). Like the tungstate ion, molybdate is a compound containing an oxo-anion with Mo in its highest oxidation state of 6 (Figure 4.18).Structure of molybdate.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micro-mineral and acts as a cofactor for the activities of several enzymes in the human body including xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase, nitrate reductase, and hydrogenase (4, 6, 8–9). Xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase play a role in iron utilization as well as in cellular metabolism and electron transport. Xanthine oxidase is also used in the uptake and release of iron from ferritin in the intestinal mucosa and in the release of iron from ferritin in the liver, placenta, and erythropoietic tissues to the ferrous form (8). Xanthine oxidase and hydrogenase play a role in the production of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine (4). Aldehyde oxidase oxidizes and detoxifies purines and pyrimidines, while sulfite oxidase containing molybdenum incorporated as part of the molecule, is used for the conversion of sulfite to sulfate (4).
Teace Elements in Parenteral Nutrition*
Published in Fima Lifshitz, Childhood Nutrition, 2020
Adib A. Moukarzel, Marvin E. Ament
Molybdenum in the diet is absorbed as molybdate in its hexavalent form and is easily absorbed from salts and vegetables. Excretion is mainly in the urine, but urinary excretion rises as sulfate intake or endogenous sulfate production increases. It has been found that patients with large volume diarrhea such as Crohn’s disease may have excessive molybdenum losses in their stool.111 The minimum requirements for molybdenum are really unknown. Limited balanced studies have shown that between 48 to 96 mcg/day may be required. Larger supplementation may be required in the patient with extra-gastrointestinal losses. Normally, patients with acute stress-like illnesses may have greater requirements. Intravenous data in children is not available. A single case of molybdenum deficiency has been recognized. The patient developed a coma-like syndrome which was reversed with 300 mg of molybdenum per day.112
The Use of Trace and Essential Elements in Common Clinical Disorders: Roles in Assessment of Health and Oxidative Stress Status
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
David Calderón Guzmán, Hugo Juárez Olguín, Norma Osnaya Brizuela, Ernestina Hernández Garcia, Miroslava Lindoro Silva
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease. Trace elements may play an active role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The serum of patients with this disease showed a lower Selenium concentration and a higher copper (Cu) concentration (58). In a group of patients with psoriasis (59), found lower iron (Fe), copper (Cu), transferrin (Trf), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) serum levels when compared with those of the controls. The same study also showed a decline of molybdenum (Mo) levels by the action of ceruloplasmin (Cp). Although trace elements are essential for human beings, their high dietary intake can lead to adverse reactions (60) as it is in the case of Alzheimer disease patients who are characterized by higher concentrations of copper and iron in blood and critically low selenium levels (61).
Discrepancy in alloy composition of imported and non-imported porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns produced by Norwegian dental laboratories
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Håvard Jostein Haugen, Brandon Michael Soltvedt, Peter N. Nguyen, Hans Jacob Ronold, Gaute Floer Johnsen
Molybdenum (Mo) is an element found in Co–Cr alloys used to both strengthen [22] and lower the expansion coefficient. A content of between 3–6% Mo increases the strength [23,24], whilst having too little Mo would suggest lower strength. Only one Co–Cr crown (crown. no 35) had no traces of Mo suggesting lower strength and possible additional strain on the outer porcelain veneer due to a higher expansion coefficient. Other elements such as tin (Si) and manganese (Mn) increase flowability and castability. Tungsten (W) and carbon (C) strengthen the alloy [25,26]. A common trait in many crowns was a reduction of W weight percentage suggesting larger risks of technical faults such as casting irregularities during crown production, which in turn could affect clinical life span [27].
WTX101 – an investigational drug for the treatment of Wilson disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Karl Heinz Weiss, Anna Członkowska, Peter Hedera, Peter Ferenci
The mechanism of action of TTM within WTX101 under normal and copper-overload conditions was recently confirmed in a mass balance study [48]. Control and LEC rats received a single intravenous dose of WTX101. Distribution and excretion of WTX101, measured as molybdenum, was followed over 168 h. Substantially more tissue molybdenum was found at 168 h in liver from LEC rats compared with control rats with normal copper load (WTX101 1.5 mg/kg: 31.5 vs. 5.6% of dose). In LEC rats, the proportion of renal to fecal molybdenum excretion was 6:4 as opposed to a ratio of 9:1 in control rats. The total amount of drug excreted over 168 h was higher in control vs. LEC rats (87 vs. 45%) consistent with higher biotransformation.