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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
As Dr. Weil has pointed out, “There is no need for aluminum in human nutrition, and because it is so chemically reactive, it is probably not good for us” (Weil 2018b). He suggests using stainless-steel cookware as it is completely nontoxic, highly durable, and provides excellent cooking results.
Stainless Steel Crowns for Primary Molars
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
The technique of placing a stainless steel restoration is simple, and in the hands of most clinicians can be performed far faster than a multi-surface restoration with other materials. Modern crowns are so well constructed that extensive trimming and adjustments prior to fitting are not usually required, and tooth preparation is minimal and quick. Preformed and precrimped stainless steel crowns are widely available in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe (3M ESPE Dental, Loughborough, UK). Once experience has been gained, two adjacent crowns in the same quadrants can be placed in less than 20 minutes. One of the greatest advantages is that the failure rate is very low, and is far better than that reported for any other type of restoration in primary molars.
Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Stainless steel is subject to chemical attack by deionized water which removes the iron from the stainless steel. Iron is a microbial growth factor. To prevent this chemical attack, 316L stainless steel surfaces of water storage tanks and distribution loop lines must be passivated. Passivation is a chemical process by which iron is removed from the stainless steel surface and chromium and nickel of the stainless steel are oxidized by the passivating agent (e.g., nitric acid, citric acid or its mixed chelants) forming an impervious layer of chromium oxide and nickel oxide. This chromium oxide and nickel oxide layers protect the underlying 316L stainless steel against contact with and corrosion by deionized water.
Bioprospecting of aqueous phase from pyrolysis of plant waste residues to disrupt MRSA biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Srividhya Krishnan, Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman, Sowndarya Jothipandiyan, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Nithyanand Paramasivam
Staphylococcus aureus, is a well-known human pathogen, which causes infection upon colonization with varying degree of infectivity from mild skin irritation to pneumonia, mostly, spreading in healthcare and hospital environments. Hospital equipment and surfaces (which included door handles, floors, bed surfaces, stethoscopes, etc.) have been reported to be colonised with S. aureus isolates (Jabłońska-Trypuć et al. 2022). Studies also show that S. aureus can remain viable on dry surfaces over a time period of 1 week to 3 years (Chaibenjawong and Foster 2011). The major contact surfaces in hospitals are plastic (polyvinyl or polypropylene) surfaces, ceramic tiles and stainless-steel surfaces. These pathogens survive under hospital conditions depending on the porosity, free surface, hydrophobicity, adhesion and biofilm formation ability (Sinde and Carballo 2000; Donlan 2001, 2002). It is also reported that stainless steel promotes easy formation of biofilm and plastic surfaces can act as a source of disease transmission from inanimate surfaces (Lagha et al. 2015).
Preparation and characterisation of self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for enhancing oral bioavailability of metformin hydrochloride using hydrophobic ion pairing complexation
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Seyedeh Nika Rezvanjou, Mohammad Reza Niavand, Omid Heydari Shayesteh, Ehsan Mehrani Yeganeh, Davood Ahmadi Moghadam, Katayoun Derakhshandeh, Reza Mahjub
Ex vivo permeation study of optimised metformin-containing SNEEDS across intestinal epithelium was carried out using non-everted rat intestinal sac. Male Wistar rats (weighing 250–300 g) were provided by the central animal laboratory of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. All procedures were performed based on the written approval that was issued by the ethical committee, deputy of research and technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID No. IR. UMSHA.REC.1398.673). The animals were quarantined in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room with free access to water and food. After overnight fasting, the rats were anaesthetised using an overdose of ether. Then, in each studied animal, the whole of the small intestine was excised and the jejunum, located at approximately 35 cm distal from the ligament of traits, was quickly cut. The collected segments were stripped off the adhering tissue and washed with cold normal saline solution (i.e. 0.9% (w/v) NaCl). Then they were everted carefully using a stainless-steel rod, and washed again and returned to their original state. To avoid any injury to the mucosal layer, the everting procedure was done carefully and slowly (Derakhshandeh et al.2011, Hemati Azandaryani et al.2017).
Analytical review on the biocompatibility of surface-treated Ti-alloys for joint replacement applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
According to the above study, materials used for total joint replacement are ceramic-on-polyethylene, metal-on-polyethylene, ceramic-on-ceramic, and metal-on-metal. Many researchers recently developed a hybrid combination of these materials [36,37]. Many factors influence when selecting material for designing THR, such as load-bearing capacity, cost, body compatibility, toxicity, complication during surgery, etc. For hard tissue substitution, for instance, hip joint replacement, only biocompatibility is not considered when manufacturing biomaterials. The other contributing factors, such as low modulus, high corrosion resistance, low density, high fatigue resistance, high ductility, high tensile strength, and affordable cost, must be focused on manufacturing biomaterials [38]. Among all materials, the best mechanical and biological properties are achieved by metallic materials, for example, Cobalt-chromium alloy, Titanium (Ti) alloy, etc [39,40]. Stainless steel was generally used for noninvasive fracture-fixation implants as it shows resistance to oxidation during the machining process. But in THR, it is rarely used due to its poor biocompatibility [41]. Dentists generally employ Co-Cr alloys for dental applications or making dental implant devices. But further, its application was expanded for hip prostheses due it its favorable mechanical properties, high corrosion, and wear resistance. It is mainly used for cemented femoral stems due to its high young’s modulus [42].