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Extracellular Vesicles for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Md Meraj Anjum, Dulla Naveen Kumar, Aiswarya Chaudhuri, Sanjay Singh, Ashish Kumar Agrawal
Like electroporation, sonication also facilitates active loading of nucleic acid, and allow easy penetration of nucleic acid through the pores created by sonication, but unlike electroporation, sonication does not cause nucleic acid aggregation. Sonication method was used to load HER2 siRNA into EVs derived from MCF-7 breast cancer cells [102]. But, like electroporation technique, in sonication method also, the various process parameters are taken into consideration for maintaining the integrity of EVs and nucleic acid which includes the power of sonication, amplitude of sonication, sonication time and the temperature [116].
Copper nanoparticles synthesis optimization using melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) leaves extract and beta cyclodextrin as a stabilizer
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
H.A. Wisnuwardhani, R.D. Shafira, Y. Lukmayani, A. Arumsari
In order to improve the particle size of nanoparticles, the sonication process was carried out for 4 hours. Sonication utilizes mechanical vibrations from ultrasonic waves, ultrasonic waves produce high energy and can make large-sized particles into nanometer-sized (Gupta & Kompella 2006). In addition, the sonication process is thought to also be able to prevent the agglomeration of copper nanoparticles that are formed so that its stability can be increased. The results show that there is a decrease in particle size after sonication. The measurement results after sonication were 682.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.497. The results can be seen in Figure 3.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Mona Ahmed J. Alzahrani, Conrad O. Perera
Another factor that influences the solvent properties is the temperature (Picó 2013; Chemat et al. 2017). An increase in temperature decreases the viscosity and surface tension and causes the vapour pressure to increase. An increase in vapour pressure causes the solvent vapour to enter the bubble cavity and causes a reduction in the sonication effect.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients with different types of adenomyosis treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Jiajia Wei, Li Wang, Hua Tao, Xindan Wang, Fengque Zheng, Ping He, Linggang Zhou, Li Fan, Jing Chen, Haijing Zhong, Wenjie Huang, Dingyuan Zeng, Jingjing Li
The patients were placed carefully in a prone position, with the abdominal wall in contact with degassed water. A cold, degassed water balloon was placed on the abdominal wall to compress and push the bowel away from the acoustic pathway. The treatment began from the posterior to the anterior, from the inferior to the superior part of the adenomyotic lesion. The focus was kept at least 1.5 cm away from both the endometrium and the boundary of the adenomyosis. During the procedure, the sonication power was adjusted based on the feedback from the patients and the changes in grayscale on the ultrasound imaging. The treatment was terminated when the hyperechoic area covered the entire adenomyotic lesion or the contrast-enhancement ultrasound showed no blood supply in the lesion. The patients were asked to report any adverse effects during the procedure and after HIFU treatment.
Exploring the use of niosomes in cosmetics for efficient dermal drug delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Rana Abu-Huwaij, Adian Alkarawi, Dima Salman, Furqan Alkarawi
It is a commonly used method to produce niosomes, a drug delivery system. This technique involves dissolving the drug in a buffer solution, which is then added to a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a specific ratio. The resulting mixture is subjected to sonication at a particular frequency, temperature, and time to obtain the desired niosomes. The advantage of this method is that it allows for the control of particle size and distribution of niosomes. However, it is important to note that the use of probe sonicators, which involve high energy levels, can lead to a sudden increase in temperature and the discharge of titanium, which may have negative effects on the structure of the niosomes or drug stability. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the sonication parameters to avoid these potential limitations (Kauslya et al. 2021).
Stability of trastuzumab during nanomedicine formulation using SEC-HPLC coupled with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Yu Gao, Andrew N. Shelling, David Porter, Euphemia Leung, Zimei Wu
An antibody can be susceptible to a range of mechanical stress during formulation development, storage and transportation, such as shaking, sonication, mixing and vortexing (Bekard et al. 2011). Sonication is a common technique used to dissociate particles and improve dissolution rate (Pabari et al. 2011), or reduce the particle size of liposomes (Huang et al. 2010). In the present study, sonication of both high and low concentration trastuzumab samples at 37 kHz for 60 min did not change the retention time nor the peak shape on the SEC-HPLC analysis, and the calculated trastuzumab concentrations were close to 100% (Table 2). Similarly, there was no degradation or aggregation of the antibody detected, as only one band was shown on SDS-PAGE. This is consistent with the finding by Pabari et al.(Pabari et al. 2011), who demonstrated conformational integrity of trastuzumab after sonication at 1 and 3 Watts for 3 min. As stated in the data sheet of transtuzumab injection shaking should be avoided. However, vortexing of the samples (0.21 mg/ml and 21 mg/ml) for 10 min in this study did not cause any detrimental effect on trastuzumab structure as the concentrations after vortexing were 101.7 ± 1.0% and 100.1 ± 0.6% of the original, respectively. This was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE (Figure 3(A)). All samples tested under mechanical stress appeared clear and free of visible particles.