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Fundamentals of Infrared Thermal Imaging
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Lewis et al. (2011) developed a facial tracking algorithm to compensate for head movements and estimated the dominant breathing rate by means of spectral analysis of raw thermal signals obtained in infrared thermal videos of nostrils from 19 study participants performing various breathing patterns. Dominant breathing rate was the basis to calculate the breath-to-breath timing intervals and relative tidal volume. Simultaneously to thermal imaging, respiratory inductance plethysmography was used to estimate respiration rate and tidal volume. Statistically significant correlations were found between the thermal signal and the plethysmograph measures such as breathing interval and relative tidal volume.
Assessment of Ingestion by Chewing and Swallowing Sensors
Published in Dale A. Schoeller, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga, Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 2017
Edward Sazonov, Muhammad Farooq, Edward Melanson
Another approach for monitoring of swallowing relies on detection of swallowing apnea. Apnea or temporary cessation of breathing can be observed in normal breathing pattern when swallowing occurs. This observation is used in a system for monitoring the breathing patterns using a respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) belt (Dong and Biswas 2014). Characteristic apnea patterns were extracted from the sensor signal by using matched filters and decision tree classifier with time and frequency domain features. Data was collected from seven subjects while consuming liquids and performing other activities such as talking and upper body movements. Researchers collected data on both normal breathing cycles and breathing cycles with swallows. Their results suggest that with the proposed sensor system, the decision tree classifier obtained a true positive rate of up to 98% and false positive rate of as low as 1% for 10-fold cross validation. Although promising, the data was collected in a controlled environment where only liquid intake was considered with restricted body movements. A common limitation of this approach (like other swallowing-based approaches) is that the performance of such systems degrades with excessive body movements, for example, physical activity will increase the breathing rate of the individuals that will impact the performance of the classifier.
Chest wall volumes, diaphragmatic mobility, and functional capacity in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Bárbara Bernardo Figueirêdo, Cyda Reinaux, Helen Fuzari, António Sarmento, Juliana Fernandes, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade
Rodriguez et al. [62] observed that the contribution percentage of the ribcage to VT,CW and minute ventilation of four MPS patients were within normal reference values of healthy subjects. However, thoracoabdominal motion was assessed using respiratory inductance plethysmography, andadequate calibration data is challenging due to poor subject cooperation, particularly in a clinical setting. The ribcage and abdomen are complex structures which can easily be distorted [63]; therefore, compartmental volume acquisition from changes in diameter or cross-sectional area of a single transverse section (i.e., two degrees of freedom) is problematic, and compartmental volume measurements are subject to errors. Conversely, optoelectronic plethysmography is highly accurate in measuring total and compartmental VCW, allowing the partitioning chest wall into different compartments. Furthermore, this equipment requires no connection with patients and is not based on subject-specific calibration because it provides direct volume measurements in a three-dimensional reference frame [32,64].
Improvements in well-being and cardiac metrics of stress following a yogic breathing workshop: Randomized controlled trial with active comparison
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Michael R. Goldstein, Rivian K. Lewin, John J. B. Allen
Physiological data were collected with Powerlab 16/35 equipment and LabChart 8 software (ADInstruments, Dunedin, New Zealand) at 1000 Hz sampling rate. Individual electrodes were placed at collarbone and lower ribcage locations to collect ECG recordings. Respiratory inductance plethysmography was recorded concurrently via two adjustable belts placed around the participant’s abdomen, one passing around the sternum and the other passing around the navel. Data were recorded for the entirety of the laboratory visit with markers to designate recording blocks of interest (e.g. 2 min resting baseline, stress induction, and 2 min resting recovery periods). ECG data were then processed using QRSTool software30 with CMetM scripts (http://www.psychofizz.org) in MATLAB to determine cardiac stress measures including resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Details regarding data processing are provided in Supplementary Figures 1 and 2. Cronbach alpha values for resting baseline HR and HRV across the three lab visits, computed by dividing the 2 min segment into eight 15 sec sections, demonstrated sufficient internal reliability for these measures within the 2 min recording window (range: 0.72–0.82).
Reliability and minimal detectable change of thoracoabdominal mobility measurements using photogrammetry
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Karine J. Sarro, Camila L. Mombrini, Thais B. Tonole
There are several resources to assess thoracoabdominal movements, such as respiratory inductance plethysmography (Watson, Poole, and Sackner, 1988); magnetometry (Mead, Peterson, Grimby, and Mead, 1967); and optoelectronic plethysmography (Aliverti, Dellacà, and Pedotti, 2001). Optoelectronic plethysmography, which incorporates multiple dedicated cameras and special software and hardware to collect kinematic data of chest wall motion, is considered by researchers the first-choice method to measure chest wall volume. However, methods based on special equipment have a high cost, which hinders their popularity and use on a regular basis in most physical therapy clinics. For these reasons, these methods have been useful specifically in research environments, and simple and inexpensive methods to assess thoracoabdominal mobility have been more attractive within clinical practice.