China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Multivariate Meta-Analysis
Published in Christopher H. Schmid, Theo Stijnen, Ian R. White, Handbook of Meta-Analysis, 2020
Dan Jackson, Ian R. White, Richard D. Riley
Craig et al. (2002) systematically reviewed thermometry studies comparing temperatures taken at the ear and rectum in children, and of clinical interest is the accuracy of infrared ear thermometry for diagnosing fever. Eleven studies (2323 children) evaluated the accuracy of a “FirstTemp” branded ear thermometer in relation to an electronic rectal thermometer. Rectal temperature was the reference measure, as it is a well-established method of measuring temperature in children. However, measuring temperature at the ear is less invasive than measuring temperature at the rectum, and so ear measurements would be preferable if their diagnostic accuracy is adequate. All studies defined patients with an ear temperature of more than 38°C to be test positive, and the gold standard definition of fever was a rectal temperature of more than 38°C, consistent with NHS guidelines for diagnosing fever in children at the time of these studies. The studies included children already in hospital or attending accident and emergency, and so the observed prevalence of fever was high, around 50%.
Thermometry
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
The rectal temperature is considered to be the best approximation of core temperature. Its major disadvantages are patient discomfort and the quite definite risk of complications, especially in very young and uncooperative patients. In the infant, a rectal thermometer may cause hemorrhage or even perforation of the rectum or colon;18 peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum have also been reported.19,20 Another complication is the spread of infection from one patient to another by successive use of the same thermometer.21,22 A further potential risk is that rectal stimulation may trigger arrhythmias in cardiac patients. Although considered to be the most accurate estimation of core temperature, rectal temperature may be affected by the blood flow to the lower limbs. During muscular exercise, the rectal temperature rises, whereas the skin temperature falls as a result of sweating.
Thermoregulation
Published in Husband Alan J., Behaviour and Immunity, 2019
Diane F. Bull, Richard Brown, Maurice G. King, Alan J. Husband, H.Peter Pfister
After a 2 week acclimatisation period all rats were subjected to a habituation regime during which they were placed on a water deprivation schedule which allowed drinking for 15 min at 1000 h each day. A two bottle system was employed during this experiment. Baseline consumption was determined and no outliers were observed. During the habituation phase, all rats were handled gently and rectal temperatures were taken at 1000 h daily to establish baseline temperature data and to accustom animals to the procedure. A Cole-Parmer 08402 microcomputer rectal thermometer with thermistor probe was used to record temperatures. The probe was inserted 2.5cm into the rectum and temperatures were read when the display had stabilised for 10 s after a 60 s period. The thermometer was accurate to 0.1° C. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used was from the Eschericia coli strain (026:B6 Difco) while MSH was supplied by Sigma Chemicals. Pyrogen-free 0.9% saline solution (SAL) and 300mg Aspirin (ASP) were also used.
Preventing necroptosis by scavenging ROS production alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal injury
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Li Li, Hongping Tan, Zhimin Zou, Jian Gong, Junjie Zhou, Na Peng, Lei Su, Marc Maegele, Daozhang Cai, Zhengtao Gu
The mice were pretreated either with (experimental condition) or without (control condition) 1.8 mg/kg Nec−1 or 1.9 mmol/kg GSK' 872, or 100 mg/kg NAC (intraperitoneal) 1 h before HS [25–27]. The establishment of heat stressed-animal model was described in detail in our previous study [7,23]. The mice in the HS group were placed in a pre-warmed incubator, maintained at 35.5 ± 0.5 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, without food and water. Rectal core temperature (Tc) was continuously monitored with a rectal thermometer until the Tc reached 42 °C. The mice in the control group were sham-heated at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 °C and humidity of 35 ± 5% for a time comparable to that of the HS group. Mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection with a mixture of 13.3% urethane and 0.5% chloralose (0.65 ml/100 g body weight, intraperitoneally), then sacrificed 20 h after HS exposure, and the small intestine (ileum) was isolated.
The impact of whole-body hyperthermia interventions on mood and depression – are we ready for recommendations for clinical application?
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
Kay-U. Hanusch, Clemens W. Janssen
Romeyke [21] studied the effects of whole-body heating in 103 patients (m/w = 2/102, average age 55.2 (10.0)) with fibromyalgia and also diagnosed with severe depression based on criteria from the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) and the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems. As part of this quasi-experimental observational study, patients were asked to complete a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D) with a focus on mental well-being and depression. Study participants received multiple WBH sessions in a Heckel HT-2000 device with Infrared-A lighting for the duration of 50 min and a target temperature of 38.5 °C. Following the intervention, subjects rested for 60 min while being covered with blankets. Core body temperature was measured using a rectal thermometer. When comparing the results to a control group that did not receive hyperthermia interventions, they did not find statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.055).
Evaluation of commercial, wireless dermal thermometers for surrogate measurements of core temperature
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Hajnal Zsuzsanna Balla, Elvar Theodorsson, Jakob O. Ström
At the outset, we supposed that the difference between a given dermal thermometer and the rectal thermometer would be relatively stable within the same patient, and in other words that the dermal thermometers could be more suited to monitor temperature trends within specific individuals rather than measuring absolute temperatures. It was, however, clear from the normalized correlation analyses that the dermal thermometers were only marginally superior in following individual trends than in assessing absolute temperatures. In case of superiority, the correlations analysis following the normalization procedure had rendered much higher r-values.