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Long-Term Toxicity and Regulations for Bioactive-Loaded Nanomedicines
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Iqbal Ahmad, Sobiya Zafar, Shakeeb Ahmad, Suma Saad, S. M. Kawish, Sanjay Agarwal, Farhan Jalees Ahmad
The prime objective of risk assessment and nanosafety studies is to produce a nanomedicine with minimum risk of toxicity. In that context, the utmost important thing is to find and authenticate some alternate and new approaches. For this purpose, European initiatives such as “Safety-by-design” have been taken to interpret the acute in vitro toxicity results for the prediction of long term toxicity in animal models (Accomasso et al., 2018).
Synthetic Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drugs
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
The surfaces of nanoparticles are unique because they can be exploited by reactive terminal groups, with particular proteins or monoclonal antibodies, that are capable of particularly binding to a site of action without interacting with other cells (Nie 2010; Podila & Brown 2013; Son et al. 2007). Therefore, nanomedicine in cancer treatment is capable of destroying cancer cells without affecting other healthy tissues.
Developments of Health Care: A Brief History of Medicine
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Józef T. Haponiuk, Didier Rouxel, S. Thomas
The implementation of nanotechnology is another inventive sector that flourishes in the 21st century. The new word nanomedicine relates to the use of nanomaterials, nano, electronic biosensors, and nanoparticles to initiate the molecular level corrective procedure. Nanotechnology promotes diagnoses at the cellular and subcellular levels and also permits the rapid identification of diseases. It is considered that nanomedicine will have the greatest effect on drug delivery and regenerative medicine. It enables the targeted drug delivery, which enhancing effectiveness and significantly reducing side effects. It also provides efficacy for therapeutic materials being released under-regulated manner. Nanoparticles are also used to enhance the inherent repairing processes of the body; artificial activation and control of adult stem cells is a significant part of these studies [96].
Trends and recent developments in pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Juliana Hey-Hadavi, Prasad Velisetty, Swapnali Mhatre
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that employs nanoparticles as targeted and controlled drug delivery vehicles and is being widely used in therapeutics. Nanoparticles serve as potential drug delivery systems due to their small size and unique chemical and biophysical properties including biocompatibility and biodegradability [90]. In an experimental model of AP, bilirubin encapsulated silk fibrin nanoparticles (BRSNPs) reduced oxidative damage and inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB regulated pro-inflammatory signaling as well as activating cytoprotective redox transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [91]. Another experimental study demonstrated that yttrium oxide nanoparticles exerted anti-inflammatory effects and attenuated the severity of AP in mice [92]. Thus, exploring the role of nanomedicine for the treatment of AP may be of clinical interest and warrants further evaluation.
Assessing regulated cell death modalities as an efficient tool for in vitro nanotoxicity screening: a review
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Anton Tkachenko, Anatolii Onishchenko, Valeriy Myasoedov, Svetlana Yefimova, Ondrej Havranek
A tremendous increase in nanomedicine studies over the last two decades has resulted in a great interest in developing methods to assess the toxicity of nanomaterials. The safety and biocompatibility of nanostructured materials are studied by nanotoxicology (Zielińska et al. 2020; Pumera 2011). Despite a rapid progress in the field, nanotoxicology faces a wide spectrum of challenges. The development of universal protocols in nanotoxicology is challenging due to a large number of factors that may affect the toxic effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, nanosized structures are extremely heterogenous in their chemical nature, structure, physicochemical properties, and size (Chen 2022). All these factors are absolutely critical for their interaction with cells and tissues and determine nanomaterials biological effects, their distribution in the body, entry routes, and their intraorganismal modifications (also possibly affecting their toxicity-mediating characteristics) (Fu et al. 2013).
Icaritin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles activate immunogenic cell death and facilitate tumor recruitment in mice with gastric cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Yao Xiao, Wenxia Yao, Mingzhen Lin, Wei Huang, Ben Li, Bin Peng, Qinhai Ma, Xinke Zhou, Min Liang
Nanomedicine is useful for tumor treatment (Adiseshaiah et al., 2016; Cruz & Kayser, 2019; Liu et al., 2019) and can improve treatment effects, reduce side effects, and overcome drug resistance. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a biodegradable material that can be hydrolyzed into the biodegradable metabolites lactic acid and glycolic acid (Li & Jiang, 2018). PLGA is a suitable nanodrug carrier because of its biodegradability, small size, and high biocompatibility. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can modify the surface of PLGA, increasing the blood circulation half-life of PLGA (Duan et al., 2021). Therefore, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly attractive for clinical application as drug delivery systems. For example, nanocarriers composed of PLGA carrying metformin increase the anticancer effects of metformin on ovarian cancer cells (Faramarzi et al., 2019), and PLGA particles enhance the immunotherapy effect of DC-based vaccines (Allahyari & Mohit, 2016). However, the inhibitory effect, ICD activation efficiency, and related mechanism of PLGA@Icaritin in GC cells remain unclear. In this study, we constructed icaritin-loaded PLGA NPs; examined their physical and chemical properties, such as the particle size, zeta potential, and drug-loaded capacity; and evaluated the cellular uptake, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and immune response activation effects and related anti-tumor mechanisms of PLGA@Icaritin NPs in vitro and in vivo.