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Published in Kitsakorn Locharoenrat, Research Methodologies for Beginners, 2017
The emphasis of molecular electronics is on synthesizing new organic molecules with different electronic functionalities and on devising new methods to measure the electrical properties of the complex molecules. In order to obtain surface enhancement of the Raman signal, we deposit the organic SAMs on Pt substrate. Pt substrate is prepared by evaporation of Pt film on a glass microscope slide. The head group forms the chemical bond with surface atoms of substrate leading to the pinning of surfactant molecule to the substrate, while the Alkyl interchain van der Waals interactions could assist in formation of ordered molecular structure. The top of the SAMs is used to measure their electrical properties. Imaging the surface topography though AFM, SEM, or TEM can access the quality and uniformity of a monolayer.
Overcoming Chronic and Degenerative Diseases with Energy Medicine 1
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
These high-speed processes include semiconduction in the living matrix. It is suggested that the living matrix/ground regulation system forms a semiconducting analog and digital network operating at hundreds or perhaps thousands of meters per second. A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor. Importantly, the conductivity of a semiconductor can be modified in precise ways by imposing small electric, magnetic, or photonic fields or by introducing impurities, in a process known in the electronics industry as “doping.” The ability to control conductivity in small and well-defined regions of semiconductor materials has led to the development of a broad array of miniaturized electronic devices that have become the basis for nearly all modern electronics. This is mentioned because most if not all biomolecules have semiconductor properties (Pullman and Pullman 1958; Rosenberg and Postow 1969). This fact has been essential to the development of the flourishing molecular electronics industry (e.g., Cuevas and Sheer 2010). Research in this field is driven, in part, by the need to reduce the size and increase the efficiency of electronic technologies. Engineers are constantly looking for applications that take advantage of the extraordinary quantum properties of materials so they can develop and manufacture efficient circuits composed of atoms or molecules. Organic electronics uses organic (carbon-based) small molecules or polymers that show desirable electronic properties such as conductivity. Organic electronic materials are constructed using synthetic strategies from organic and polymer chemistry. A unimolecular rectifier is a single organic molecule which functions as a rectifier (one-way conductor) of electric current. The idea was first proposed in 1974 by Arieh Aviram, then at IBM, and Mark Ratner, then at New York University. Their publication was the first serious and concrete theoretical proposal in the new field of molecular electronics (UE). Perhaps the human body is a molecular electronic circuit. Note the grounding in Figure 27.8a.
Advancements in the use of Auger electrons in science and medicine during the period 2015–2019
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
While it is straightforward to describe Auger processes in a single atom, additional deexcitation processes are possible when an inner atomic vacancy is created within atoms comprising a molecule. Cederbaum et al. (1997) discovered interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), an atomic de-excitation process wherein a vacancy in the inner-valence region of an atom (∼20–80 eV) can lead to the ejection of a valence electron from a neighboring atom. ICD has a substantial effect on Auger spectra that arise when vacancies are created in iodine atoms in molecules (Pernpointner and Knecht 2005; Pernpointner et al. 2006). Analogous to resonant Auger decay, there is yet another mechanism called resonant ICD (Barth et al. 2005). Thus, there are competing mechanisms in the relaxation of molecular electronic states that include ICD processes and Auger processes. The ICD electrons produced during these relaxation processes affect the radiation spectra produced (Figure 1).