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Paper 1
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Central retinal vein occlusion causes painless loss of vision and is more common in the elderly. It is associated with hypertension and chronic glaucoma. On examination, the retina exhibits a ‘stormy sunset’ appearance due to haemorrhages near engorged vessels. Peripheral vision is better repaired than central vision. Laser coagulation has been shown to be beneficial in some cases.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Published in J Kellogg Parsons, E James Wright, The Brady Urology Manual, 2019
Transurethral laser coagulation: Uses a right-angle laser fiber, introduced transurethrally, that does not come into contact with prostate tissueTechnically simpleEfficacy is similar to TURPHas potentially higher rates of postoperative urinary retention (21%) than TURP.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in macular edema
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
CME is one of the major causes of decreased vision in patients with CRVO. With the exception of retinal laser coagulation in eyes with early iris neovascularization, other therapeutic options have not been proven.111–;113 Studies of
Imaging-based Assessment of Choriocapillaris: A Comprehensive Review
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Rohan Bir Singh, Tatiana Perepelkina, Ilaria Testi, Benjamin K. Young, Tuba Mirza, Alessandro Invernizzi, Jyotirmay Biswas, Aniruddha Agarwal
There are very few studies that have evaluated the changes in choriocapillaris and choroidal circulation in patients with DR after therapies such as laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Mendivil et al. published results on ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arterial blood flow in diabetic eyes at 0.5, 1, and 2 years post-laser treatment with color Doppler.44 Reported blood flow velocities in these vessels were significantly lower in treated eyes than in age-matched controls. Choroidal blood in the foveal region were significantly increased 1 month after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). This increase in local blood flow was attributed to redistribution after laser coagulation or PRP-induced inflammation.65 However, there is no published study analyzing the choriocapillaris flow after laser PRP or macular laser in eyes with DR.
Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Harald Gjerde, Iason S. Mantagos
Fluorescein angiography may be a useful ancillary test in assessing the extent of ocular injury from AHT. Peripheral retinal nonperfusion can occur in AHT,30–32 with or without neovascular proliferation. As such, the literature is limited to a few case reports and series. The exact mechanism by which nonperfusion develops is still unclear, though likely multifactorial. Additionally, neovascularization did not occur in several of the reported cases, making uncertain the role of laser ablation in the ischemic retina. One hypothesis describes different distributions and concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, due to the changes in vascular endothelial integrity.32 It can be assumed that not every child with ischemic retinopathy from AHT will go on to develop neovascular proliferation.30 Further studies are needed to delineate the causes and timing by which retinal nonperfusion occurs in the setting of AHT, and larger prospective studies are needed to address the role of laser coagulation in AHT-associated ischemic retinopathy.
Perfluorocarbon Liquid Vs. Subretinal Fluid Drainage during Vitrectomy for the Primary Repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Comparative Study
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Orit Vidne, Sharon Blum Meirovitch, Gilad Rabina, Amir Abd Eelkader, Daphna Prat, Dana Barequet, Joseph Moisseiev, Elad Moisseiev
The goal of PPV for RRD repair is to eliminate vitreoretinal traction, reattach the retina and close all retinal breaks by laser photocoagulation. In order to achieve closure of retinal breaks by laser coagulation, the retina around them must be reattached. This may be achieved in surgery by subretinal fluid drainage (SRFD), which includes direct aspiration of the subretinal fluid through the causative retinal breaks or a retinotomy, or with the use of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL). PFCLs have high specific gravity, moderate surface tension and low viscosity, which make them a useful surgical adjuvant to achieve retinal reattachment.7,8 Although PFCLs facilitate surgery, and are especially helpful in complicated cases such as traumatic retinal detachment and RRD with giant tears or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), their use is not required in every case. Additionally, PFCL use may result in complications, as their intraocular retention can induce inflammation and subretinal retention can lead to retinal toxicity.9–13