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The New Frontiers in Bone Tissue Engineering
Published in Ugo Ripamonti, The Geometric Induction of Bone Formation, 2020
The critical role of the concavity spontaneously initiating the induction of bone formation was confirmed by intramuscular rectus abdominis implantation of sintered crystalline hydroxyapatites with concavities of specific dimensions on both planar surfaces of the sintered constructs (Ripamonti et al. 1999; Ripamonti 2004; Ripamonti 2012; Ripamonti et al. 2012a; Ripamonti et al. 2012b; Ripamonti et al. 2013). These findings are described in detail in Chapter 5. The concept of geometric inductive microenvironments was further tested by culturing in vitro macroporous fragments of coral-derived constructs combined with mouse-derived fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and pre-osteoblasts (MC 3T3-E1) cells (Ripamonti et al. 2012a; Ripamonti et al. 2012b). We found that concavities of the substratum oriented and polarized MC 3T3-E1 cells when cultured along concavities of the nanotopographically designed crystalline substratum (Fig. 1.11a inset) (Ripamonti et al. 2012a; Ripamonti et al. 2012b). The in vitro study was set to provide an ex-vivo bioreactor for later transplantation in rodents and in primates (Ripamonti et al. 2012b; Heliotis et al. 2006).
Cell and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in a Dynamic Biomechanical Environment:
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
The aortic valve exists in a highly dynamic mechanical environment in which the cells and tissue experience shear stress and pressure from blood flow, bending and stretching forces from the valve opening and closing, and distinct stiffness properties in its three layers because of their different ECM compositions. As a result, mechanical forces play a central role in cell–matrix interactions in the valve, including during CAVD (Butcher et al. 2008, Balachandran et al. 2011, Chen and Simmons 2011, Merryman and Schoen 2013). A potent example of this is that simply preventing the valve from fully closing in an ex vivo bioreactor flow system causes differential regulation of 202 genes detected by microarray compared with the valves that can open and close normally (Maeda et al. 2016). Inflammatory genes saw the largest magnitude changes, while protein binding, developmental process, and stress response-related genes represent the groups with the most genes differentially regulated. Systemic forces such as increased blood pressure stimulate collagen and sulfated GAG production in the valve but not αSMA production (Xing et al. 2004), which may explain in part why hypertension is a risk factor for CAVD (Rabkin 2005).
Commodifying tissues and cells
Published in Julie Kent, Regenerating Bodies, 2012
There have also been efforts to regenerate tissue in vivo by, for example, creating a space within the outer layers of a long bone in which bone is encouraged to grow. The new bone can then be excised and reinserted into another site, enabling an autologous bone graft to be produced.14[This] approach is based on the manipulation of a deliberately created space within the body, such that it serves as an ‘in vivo bioreactor’ wherein the engineering of neotissue is achieved by invocation of a healing response within the bioreactor space.(Stevens 2005)
Development of an omentum-cultured oesophageal scaffold reinforced by a 3D-printed ring: feasibility of an in vivo bioreactor
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Eun-Jae Chung, Hyung Woo Ju, Yeung Kyu Yeon, Ji Seung Lee, Young Jin Lee, Ye Been Seo, Park Chan Hum
Temporary implantation of the substitute in a natural bioreactor, such as the greater omentum, is beneficial [2]. Angiogenesis is a fundamental process for wound healing and also prevents the grafts failure of transplanted artificial scaffold. However, once the artificial scaffold is transplanted in vivo, it should be alive in the initial stage through the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen, and that would be the main cause of graft failure [13]. We chose the greater omentum as in vivo bioreactor because of its rich vascular network, and expected vascularized tissue growth before implantation. Newly grown vascular tissue in omentum was expected to prevent postoperative ischaemia and fibrosis.
GLP-1R agonists for the treatment of obesity: a patent review (2015-present)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Chunxia Liu, Yuxing Zou, Hai Qian
Another oral GLP-1 preparation constructs recombinant probiotic bacteria containing GLP-1 mutants, which can be prepared into various types of solid and liquid preparations to realize oral administration, and avoid the pain of long-term injection of patients. At the same time, after human take it orally, the genetically engineered probiotic bacteria can survive and colonize the human intestine and become a functional in vivo bioreactor, which continuously produces and secretes GLP-1 mutant polypeptides, thereby playing a role of continuous hypoglycemic effect and treatment of obesity [132–134].
An omentum-cultured 3D-printed artificial trachea: in vivo bioreactor
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hae Sang Park, Ji Seung Lee, Harry Jung, Do Yeon Kim, Sang Wook Kim, Md. Tipu Sultan, Chan Hum Park
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the prior implantation of PCL 3D printed artificial trachea in the omentum is beneficial for revascularization of the scaffold and can reduce associated complications. Furthermore, we evaluate the feasibility of omentum as an in vivo bioreactor.