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Standard Quality Control Testing, Virus Penetration, and Glove Durability
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
A previous study looked at the puncture resistance of three latex gloves, of varying thickness, and a nitrile glove using the ASTM F 1342-specified test probe and also an 18-gauge hypodermic needle.59 The ASTM F 1342 test probe had a diameter of 0.08 in., or 2.03 mm, while an 18-gauge hypodermic needle had a diameter of 1.27 mm. Hence, one might expect the tear length and work involved to differ for the two probes. Other test conditions were the same for both probes. Ten punctures by each probe were made for each glove. The force required to puncture the glove using the hypodermic needle was significantly lower, less than one-half, than for the standard probe. When the hypodermic needle was used, the nitrile glove required the most force for perforation. As might be expected, the two thicker latex gloves required more force than the thinnest one.
Surgery of the Hand
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Norbert Kang, Ben Miranda, Dariush Nikkhah
A white-hubbed (16G) hypodermic needle is held in a tripod grip using the thumb, index and middle fingers of one hand (Figure 9.1). The orientation of the needle tip is important – the bevel should face proximally – allowing the needle tip to be used like the blade of a very fine scalpel. The first 2–3 mm of the tip of the needle are inserted vertically through the skin and into the cord with the digit held in full extension to make the cord easy to palpate and to facilitate division of the cord tissue. Small, sweeping movements are now made at right angles to the cord using the needle tip to divide the cord tissue. Simultaneously, the digit is pushed into extension. If successful, a tearing sound is often heard as the weakened cord tissue is torn in half allowing the finger to extend. If this does not happen, then repeat the process to divide and weaken more of the cord tissue. Now, repeat the process of gentle passive manipulation of the finger to see if it will extend. Be wary when doing this not to overdo the manipulation as this can result in fracture of the phalanges – especially in older, female patients with osteoporosis. If the finger will still not extend, it may be necessary to convert to an open procedure to release the volar plate under direct vision.
Hollow Microneedles
Published in Boris Stoeber, Raja K Sivamani, Howard I. Maibach, Microneedling in Clinical Practice, 2020
Examples of metallic microneedles made through conventional machining techniques have also been reported (i.e., Micropoint Technologies Hollow Microneedle Hub or Becton Dickinson Soluvia Microinjection System). Machined microneedles are large in size due to the limitations of the conventional machining tools. The typical lengths are 1–1.5 mm with diameters comparable to those of conventional 31 or 32G hypodermic needles. Due to these lengths, liquid injection occurs in deeper skin layers or in subcutaneous tissue.
Dissolving microneedles for intradermal vaccination: manufacture, formulation, and stakeholder considerations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Aoife M. Rodgers, Aaron J. Courtenay, Ryan F. Donnelly
DMN-mediated vaccination is attractive due to the possibility of enhanced immunological protection to that of traditional hypodermic needle vaccination. The most common fabrication method for DMN using micromolding (Figure 1(D)), often results in significant antigen wastage, counteracting any potential cost saving for manufacturers. However, such parameters have yet to be fully evaluated in terms of DMNs. It will be important to understand manufacturing costs to compare to that of the conventional hypodermic needle. Full economic evaluations will likely be drug or vaccine specific. Antigen wastage arises, due to the low-volume filling of the DMN mold microcavities, relative to the system volume required, highlighted in a study conducted by McCrudden et al.[5]. Percentage recovery evaluation of OVA from DMN, demonstrated that approximately 1.8% of OVA loaded into the entire DMN was recovered from the needles, and available for delivery. Approximately 43.3% of OVA was recovered from the sidewalls, which are removed prior to use and as such, can be classified as waste (Figure 2(A)). Various approaches have been taken to reduce antigen wastage and optimize DMN fabrication. Numerous studies have suggested excess formulation can be collected for reuse. However, antigen quantity and integrity have not been evaluated.
Enterococcus faecalis Endophthalmitis in Children – A 21 Year Study
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Ekta Rishi, Pukhraj Rishi, Pramod Bhende, Rajiv Raman, Parveen Sen, Pradeep Susvar, Chetan Rao, Lily Therese, Rajshri Hirawat
There has been increasing incidence of trauma due to hypodermic needle which is used by children to squirt water while playing.31–34 The injuries with hypodermic needles are also mostly self-sealed and these needles are contaminated and accessible to children due to unsafe disposal and again result in PTE and are peculiar to the developing and developed countries.35 Hypodermic needle injury was the second common mode of injury seen in the present study and the contamination of the needles may predispose to EFE. Hypodermic needle injuries are known to be associated with higher incidence of endophthalmitis as well as poor structural and functional outcomes.30–40 Hypodermic needle injuries are reported from developing and developed countries due to unsupervised play of children on the streets or at home. It is reported from Iran, India, Saudi Arabia, UK, and Turkey. Self-mutilating injuries and accidental injuries are reported with hypodermic needles in adults.32,33The concern is a small perforation which is not a painful injury and is not noticeable and leads to late referral especially in children. The children presented with average logMAR vision of 2.25 which improved to log MAR 1.03 with only 1(16.6%) child with poor functional outcome. There are no reports of EFE but streptococcus and enterobacter species are reported with hypodermic needle injuries in eye.37,38
A key role by polymers in microneedle technology: a new era
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Amarjitsing Rajput, Madhur Kulkarni, Prashant Deshmukh, Prashant Pingale, Atul Garkal, Sahil Gandhi, Shital Butani
Considering the development in needles in 1844, drugs were administered to the patients using hypodermic needles via the intravenous route. Approximately 16 billion injections are administered worldwide, and it is sought to be the widely preferred medical device [3]. The hypodermic needles are provided several advantages as devices for the systemic administration of the drug and bioactive. It is also suitable for most pharmaceuticals, which suffer from low gastrointestinal tract absorption and undergo enzymatic breakdown [4]. In the case of administration of medications through the intravenous route via hypodermic needle is accompanied by a sensation of pain and psychological disturbances in patients having a fear of a needle.