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Emerging Technologies for Particle Engineering
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Liquidia Technologies has applied a mold-based particle engineering platform called PRINT. This platform achieves uniform particle shape, size, and morphology defined by the input mold features. The typical process described by the authors as the drug or drug mixed with excipients flows into a fluoropolymer micro mold of a precise size and shape. The molded particles, taking on the geometric dimensions of the mold cups, are isolated as stable dispersions of particles or free-flowing powders [109–111].
Innovative industrial technology starts with iodine
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Many items we carry or wear, such as bags, shoes, hats, umbrellas, and clothes, as well items such as sofas and carpets, are treated with a fluoropolymer agent as a water and oil repellent, in order to provide products that are water, oil, and dirt resistant. In addition, this treatment deters organisms including microbes from attaching themselves to the fluoropolymer surface, and even if they do, they cannot eat and digest the fluoropolymer. As a result, fluoropolymer exhibits an antifouling effect.
Fluorinated vectors for gene delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Yu Wan, Yuhan Yang, Mingyu Wu, Shun Feng
In addition, fluorinated polymers exhibit good polar and nonpolar phase separation [23], making them easily and quickly traverse the lipid bilayers of cells. Therefore, fluorination modification can improve cellular uptake. Moreover, its high affinity toward the cell membrane is also beneficial for endosomal escape [24]. Besides, fluorinated polymer complexes are resistant to protein interference. Thus, they can maintain good stability in serum-containing environments and achieve good transfection efficiency even in vivo [25,26]. In addition, the lipophobic character of fluoropolymers reduces interference with cell membranes, avoiding the fusion with cell membranes, thereby showing low cytotoxicity. Taken together, the fluorophilic effect can improve the stability of polyplex, enhance serum tolerance, promote cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and facilitate gene release for nucleic acid delivery.
Device profile of the XIENCE V and XIENCE Sierra stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease: an overview of safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Andreas Mitsis, Marco Valgimigli
XIENCE® Sierra stent is coated with the vinylidene-fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP). The two components of the polymer, acrylic and fluoro, have demonstrated high biocompatibility. Fluorinated copolymers such as vinylidene-fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer reduce protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and thrombus formation [11]. This thromboresistant nature of the fluoropolymer minimizes the risk of stent thrombosis. The polymer consists of two layers, a primer layer and a drug reservoir layer. The coating thickness is 5.3 microns. The available dose of everolimus varies by size and range starting from 39 μg in the smallest devices up to 236 μg in the largest devices, with an average drug concentration of 100 μg/cm2 in each stent. During the first 28 days after stent implantation, more than 75% of the drug is released [12].
Drug delivery across length scales
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Derfogail Delcassian, Asha K. Patel, Abel B. Cortinas, Robert Langer
To reach less accessible target organs, surgical intervention is often required to position macro devices correctly. A number of polymer-based macro devices are indicated for controlled drug delivery to target organs, exemplified by stent-based [69] drug delivery. Stents are used for drug delivery in coronary interventions, and additionally in non-vascular target organs including the oesophagus, biliary duct, trachea, bronchi, sinus cavities, ureters and urethra [70,71]. First-generation vascular stents were approved by the FDA in 1994, and were manufactured from bare metal alloys or ceramic composites. However, these stents caused complications including hyperplastic growth and restenosis. Next generation stents, therefore, included novel metallic and polymeric stent materials with more open mesh-like frameworks, and simultaneously eluted anti-inflammatory drugs [71,72] to reduce restenosis. Stents often provide a physical support coupled with drug-eluting capabilities. The continued optimisation of stent structures to reduce plaque prolapse (through increased radial strength) and increase biocompatibility (using fluoropolymer materials) renders these devices versatile tools for the delivery of a diverse class of drugs. Many systems have been developed for the controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic drugs [70,71] using diffusion based release profiles.