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Brain stimulation and epilepsy: electrical stimulus characteristics
Published in Hans O Lüders, Deep Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy, 2020
Even with the use of Lilly-type stimulation pulses, chronic electrical stimulation of nervous tissue can reportedly cause damage under some circumstances.6,7 Research continues to elucidate the reasons for this tissue injury. Clinicians and researchers have established safe levels for stimulating nervous tissue using electrical energy and Agnew and McCreery7 reviewed the corresponding literature. This review has established a working definition of the boundaries for the electrical stimulation parameters that may be used to chronically stimulate nervous tissue without concern for cell damage. The stimulation parameters used in the studies Agnew and McCreery reviewed reported stimulation amplitude in different ways. Consequently, the authors considered both the charge per phase of the stimulus pulse and the charge density per phase when recording the level of stimulation. As a result of this survey the authors established a boundary on the log-log plot of charge density per phase versus charge per phase that seems to divide stimulation parameters reported to cause damage from those that do not. This boundary is used as a working definition of a safety threshold for stimulating nervous tissue. Intersection with that boundary is determined by the surface area of the electrode being used, which in turn determines the safe parameter levels.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Matthew Maddocks, Isabelle Vivodtzev
Electrical stimulation may be useful in various clinical situations including electrically-induced analgesia for pain-related (1,2) functional electrical stimulation for neurological rehabilitation and NMES for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy and weakness (3–7). The literature in patients with chronic respiratory disease mostly refers to the latter, NMES, as an alternative strategy to exercise training targeting muscle function.
Crime Scene Investigation
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Guy N. Rutty, Frances E. Hollingbury
Autoerotic deaths are usually, although not exclusively, solitary acts. The cases involve more young males than females and often result from compression of the neck following the failure of a release mechanism. The presence of erotic material or professional or handmade implements at the scene may help with determining the circumstances behind the death. Many different everyday items can be used in autoerotic practice and there should therefore be careful consideration of everything at the scene. The authors have encountered the use of a modified vacuum cleaner to aid masturbation and are aware of a case involving a balloon fetish. Electrical stimulation may be part of the process, and this may pose an additional hazard at the scene.
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Interventions in the Management Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Caleb Ademola Omuwa Gbiri, Joy Chukwumhua Akumabor
Two clinical trials were found to have assessed premature ejaculation. One of the studies used pelvic floor exercises—described as physio-kinesitherapy, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation, while the other incorporated physical activities alone as the intervention. The parameters for the electrical stimulation were not stated but the entire intervention was three 60-min sessions weekly, for 12 weeks. The physical activity group entailed moderate running for one group and walking for another, at least 30 min daily, 5 days a week for 30 days. Kilinc et al. (2018) reported a statistically significant difference in IELT scores compared to the baseline for each group on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day. The PEDT scores on day 30 was significantly smaller than the baseline scores in the intervention and control group. Pastore et al. (2012) reported that at the end of 12 weeks of PFM rehabilitation, 11 0f 19 patients (51%) were able to control the ejaculation reflex, optimizing latency time to ejaculation from the start of intravaginal intercourse. Five patients did not respond to treatment, and two improved after the first 20 sessions and opted to drop out of the study. The results of 11 who responded were maintained throughout the follow-up time of 3 months after the end of 12 weeks of treatment.
A systematic review of using electrical stimulation to improve clinical outcomes after hip fractures
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Paul Davison, Rianne Wilkinson, Jordan Miller, Mohammad Auais
Electrical stimulation is currently used to manage pain and promote functional mobility in many populations. For example, application of lower-frequency TENS is recognized to reduce pain, improve mobility, and reduce opioid consumption following total knee arthroplasty (Vance, Dailey, Rakel, and Sluka, 2014), while improved muscle strength and mobility may be attained when using NMES following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and meniscectomy (Hauger et al., 2018; Imoto et al., 2011). Despite the evidence in support of using electrical stimulation in other post-operative populations, investigations remain particularly sparse within the context of the hip fracture population. The limited literature that does exist and summarized in our review, however, may be organized based on the rationale for using electrical stimulation, which primarily includes pain management and muscle strengthening.
Effectiveness of virtual reality-based rehabilitation versus conventional therapy on upper limb motor function of chronic stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Reem M. Al-Whaibi, Maher S. Al-Jadid, Hager R. ElSerougy, Wanees M. Badawy
Task-based approach of sufficient intensity and general exercises have been proposed as methods that be added to stroke rehabilitation program. (French et al., 2007; Kita et al., 2013). Various passive stimulation approaches that use proprioceptive, hepatic and visual feedback are used to regain lost sensory and motor function, in stroke patients (Doyle, Bennett, Fasoli, and McKenna, 2010; Kita et al., 2013). These include different techniques of electrical stimulation such as: neuromuscular stimulation; cutaneous electrical stimulation; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (Kita et al., 2013); intermittent pneumatic compression (Cambier, De Corte, Danneels, and Witvrouw, 2003; Kita et al., 2013); thermal stimulation (TS) (Chen, Liang, and Shaw, 2005; Wu et al., 2010); and peripheral magnetic stimulation (Kita et al., 2013).