China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ayurveda
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Subhadip Banerjee, Sayan Biswas, Pulok K. Mukherjee
A liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquids or herbs soaked in water using the distillation apparatus. For example, ajamodarka, which is used as a digestive, contains Apium graveolens as the main ingredient.
Glycerine Analysis
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
The work of Bosart and Snoddy remains interesting reading today because of the care that they used in obtaining their results. They started with 98.5% pure commercial glycerine and bleached it with activated charcoal to remove color. Distillation apparatus was constructed to permit sparging with dry nitrogen that had been passed through a sulfuric acid and phosphorous pentoxide train. After the first distillation at 2 mm of pressure, the middle third of the distillate was collected and redistilled. The middle third of the second distillate was then stored in the collection receiver without exposure to damp air. Water used to make the solutions was distilled from potassium permanganate and boiled before use. Solutions were carefully mixed several days before use to permit complete separation of air bubbles.
Spin Trapping of Hydroxyl Radical
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
If you need a solvent system other than water (or other polar solvent), or if you need DMPO without solvent, then vacuum distillation is the method of choice to remove the impurities. Bantam-ware apparatus (a short-path distillation apparatus with an air-cooled condenser) is quite convenient, as one is typically dealing with small quantities and DMPO is a solid at room temperature which is easily distilled at elevated temperature. A cold trap in the vacuum line (to protect the pump) is advisable. A vacuum of about 0.9 to 0.3 mmHg seems to do the trick and is not difficult to achieve. The first cut usually contains the synthesis solvent, methanol, and other impurities. Next the DMPO comes over (boiling point is 75°C at 0.4 mmHg), leaving the colored impurity behind. A second vacuum distillation typically results in a very usable product.
Iodinated curcumin bearing dermal cream augmented drug delivery, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Gagandeep Manchanda, Rupinder Kaur Sodhi, Upendra Kumar Jain, Ramesh Chandra, Jitender Madan
Iodination of curcumin (Cur–I2) was carried out by using solvent evaporation method and electrophilic addition mechanism (McMillen and Grutzner, 1994). In brief, iodination was carried out by dissolving Cur (0.125 M) and I2 crystals (0.125 M) in 10 ml of CCl4 in a glass boiling tube that was stirred for 24 h in an orbital shaker at room temperature. Subsequently, the solvent was evaporated by using a distillation apparatus. Final traces of solvent were removed under vacuum overnight.
Development and validation of HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Leflunomide and folic acid in the nanoparticulate system by reversed-phase HPLC
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Bazla Siddiqui, Haroon Ahmed, Ihsan-ul- Haq, Asim.ur. Rehman, Naveed Ahmed
Leflunomide ≥ 95% and Folic Acid were obtained from Global Pharmaceuticals, Pakistan. Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), Triethylamine, Chitosan, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Phosphoric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Ultrapure water was obtained from the distillation apparatus, which was afterward passed through vacuum filtration (HNWP04700, Nylon membrane plain filters, 47 mm diameter, 0.45 µm pore size). All the reagents and chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade.