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Postharvest Care of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Reservoir of Many Health Benefiting Constituents
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
This is a process where the plant materials are heated and the steam coming out carrying the desired constituents is passed through condensation, and then the condensed volume is filtered or decanted to get the final extract (Handa, 2008). Distillation can be done according to the following subsections.
Understanding the Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Prachi Sao, Rahat Parveen, Aryan Khattri, Shubhra Sharma, Neha Tiwari, Sachidanand Singh
Medicinal plant metabolomics research includes many disciplines, including biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity, while the whole metabolome is studied by no single technology. It faces difficulties in extracting phytochemicals, purifying them, and standardizing their dose. Initially, distillation was used for extraction, later chromatography, spectrometry, more recently NMR, microarray, target analysis, gene fingerprinting, genetic engineering, metabolite profiling, metabolic fingerprinting and a combination of technologies are used to make research more precise and accurate (Clarke and Haselden, 2008; Karczewski et al., 2017; Liang et al., 2020; Liu, 2010). Knowledge extraction and analysis in a biological sense of data produced by advanced technologies is another challenge in metabolomics. In the detection of bioactive compounds, computational biology currently plays an important role, in the field of metabolomics in particular. After many whole-genome projects, a large amount of genetic and proteomic data has been gathered, a channelized systemic analysis of this data will show specifics of the secondary metabolite that can be used in mass production of the medical plants (Chen et al., 2011). Computer metabolomics involves complex mathematical, statistical analysis and comprehensive knowledge pathways, clustering of algorithms, and comparative genome analysis.
Value-Added Products and Bioactive Compounds from Fruit Wastes
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Ranjay Kumar Thakur, Rahel Suchintita Das, Prashant K. Biswas, Mukesh Singh
Hydro-distillation is used to extract oils and other bioactive compounds from plants. It can be applied before drying a plant sample. There are 3 kinds of hydro-distillation, such as, water distillation, water, and steam distillation [174]. The process of hydro-distillation starts with packing the plant sample in a still compartment. Then, boiling is performed with adequate quantity of water. Steam can be used as an alternative for extraction. The vapor mixture of water and oil is condensed and the condensed mixture is sent to a separator, where the bioactive compounds and oil are separated from the water [147, 156]. Hydro-distillation includes processes of hydro-diffusion, hydrolysis, and heat decomposition. Since, this process involves application of heat, it may not be suitable for heat-labile compounds [147].
El Duende One-Canvas Art Making and the Significance of an Interim Period
Published in Art Therapy, 2022
I employed an art-based distillation of still photographs and raw video footage, in coordination with field notes for data analysis. Transcripts also enhanced, validated, or refuted preliminary artistic observation, but did not, by themselves, determine the outcomes about the interim period. Distillation emerged by attending to subtle qualities of body movement, intensified action, shifts in materials use, color palette, and artistic skill. Noticing poignancy, repetitive patterns, and listening to participant expressions regarding intention, content, imagery, relational dynamics, value, and symbolic meaning attribution, all contributed to clarifying principles and patterns of the pause. Additionally, the video editing processes were central to identifying outcomes. Editing video was an exercise in visually explicating the essential nature of artistic experience, and the evidence was organized using skills honed from over 40 years as an art therapist. As such, the outcomes incorporate my own artistic bias and interpretations about therapeutic and personal growth values.
Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Mahshid Mohammadi, Vasudeo Zambare, Ladislav Malek, Christine Gottardo, Zacharias Suntres, Lew Christopher
Hydrodistillation is a physicochemical process of aqueous diffusion, hydrolysis of plant or microbial cell substances, and their decomposition by heat. Hydrodistillation can be carried out as water distillation, water and steam distillation, or direct steam distillation. Water distillation is the soaking of lichen material followed by boiling the resulting mixture. Hot water releases essential oils from oil glands whereas steam distillation extracts steam-volatile essential oils by passing vaporized steam through the lichen sample. The main disadvantage of this technique is the loss of heat-labile compounds at a high-temperature distillation. Hydrodistillation was used for the extraction of essential oils with potent bioactivities from two lichens species, Evernia prunastri, and Ramalina farinacea [78].
Comparison of the content of tobacco alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in ‘heat-not-burn’ tobacco products before and after aerosol generation
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Won Tae Jeong, Hyun Ki Cho, Hyung Ryeol Lee, Ki Hoon Song, Heung Bin Lim
According to Lipowicz and Seeman (Lipowicz & Seeman, 2017), the transfer of NNN from cigarettes to smoke was suggested to occur by distillation, and this could explain our results where only NNN of MG III smoked under the HCI regime was significantly reduced. If evidently conveyed by distillation without any other effect, the delivery will depend on the type of heating device and cigarette. MG I's heating system uses a method in which cigarettes are inserted into the apparatus and heated simultaneously by heating blades (Smith et al., 2016). On the other hand, the heating system of MG III does not have a heating blade, and instead, the whole apparatus is heated (Murphy et al., 2018). In addition, MG III cigarettes are thinner than MG I cigarettes and have a structure that is advantageous for distillation because they have a large contact area with the heating device. Hence, the decrease of NNN in MG III was thought to be affected by the type of heating device and tobacco. Unfortunately, the study of the behavior of NAT due to smoking is lacking, and no published article was available to provide information on the device of the MG II. In conclusion, the study of behavior in TSNAs during smoking should be studied more accurately by using a substance such as standard exchanged deuterium materials.