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Machines and Instrumentation
Published in Pradeep Venkatesh, Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
Diathermy tips are made of high conductive, non-stick alloy such as titanium and provide unimanual, bipolar coagulation. Several designs are available, including straight, curved, tapered, and wide stroke. [Diathermy is defined as introducing an electric field, at a low radiofrequency (1.5 MHz), to a body part to produce heat.]
General Surgery
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Rebecca Fish, Aisling Hogan, Aoife Lowery, Frank McDermott, Chelliah R Selvasekar, Choon Sheong Seow, Vishal G Shelat, Paul Sutton, Yew-Wei Tan, Thomas Tsang
How does diathermy work?Surgical diathermy involves the passage of high-frequency alternating current between two electrodes and through tissue.Where the local current density is the highest, a large amount of heat is produced in the tissue, resulting in tissue destruction.
Anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation: issues in study design
Published in Hans O Lüders, Deep Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy, 2020
The FDA and Medtronic warn against use of short-wave or ultrasound diathermy with stimulators in place. As expressed in the FDA’s letter, ‘energy from diathermy can be transferred through the implanted system and can cause tissue damage at the location of the implanted electrodes, resulting in severe injury or death’. Diathermy is further prohibited because it can also damage the neurostimulation system components resulting in loss of therapy, requiring additional surgery for system explantation and replacement. Injury or damage can occur during diathermy treatment whether the neurostimulation system is turned ‘on’ or ‘off.
Passive heat stress induces mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Erik D. Marchant, W. Bradley Nelson, Robert D. Hyldahl, Jayson R. Gifford, Chad R. Hancock
Whether whole-body or localized heating methods are employed, it appears that a key factor for eliciting changes in mitochondrial function is the degree to which internal muscle temperature rises during the intervention. Passive heating methods that cause muscle temperature to rise to or above 39–40 °C typically elicit mitochondrial adaptations [23,67,68], while it is less clear for more mild heating methods [68,118,119] (Table 2). Interestingly, diathermy is one method which induces large increases in muscle temperature and causes significant improvements in mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we believe that diathermy is an excellent heating modality for investigating the molecular pathways involved in heat-induced mitochondrial adaptations. However, whole-body heating methods may be more practical in a clinical setting because they are not focused on a single muscle group, allowing for more clinically relevant benefits. The potential limitation of whole-body heat is simply whether the muscle temperature can rise enough to activate the same pathways that are affected by interventions like shortwave diathermy. Recent work has shown that hot-water immersion at 42 °C can elevate internal muscle temperature to approximately 39 °C [129]. Thus, it is possible that hot-water immersion can raise muscle temperature sufficiently to improve muscle mitochondrial function. Furthermore, hot-water immersion at slightly lower temperatures (∼37–41 °C) can improve blood glucose control, suggesting that this heating method has clinical utility [124].
Effects of deep heating modalities on the morphological and elastic properties of the non-insertional region of achilles tendon: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Daniele Munari, Anna Serina, Arianna Leonardelli, Davide Lanza, Alberto Caramori, Andrea Guerrini, Modenese Angela, Mirko Filippetti, Nicola Smania, Alessandro Picelli
The first factor is that the thermal property of diathermy induces a superficial and deep hyperthermia. As temperature increases, the tissue viscosity is modified by the improvement of the collagen extensibility and the reduction connective, subsequently, the extensibility of soft tissues is increased [2,32]. Basically, diathermy therapy promotes the natural physiological processes of tissue metabolism by transferring energy without introducing radiant energy from the exterior rather by using the physical principle of the condenser. This enables the production of an endothermic effect that depends on the applied power and the impedance offered by the tissues upon passage of the current [33,34]. Indeed the effect of the capacitive system is due to the increase in cell membrane potential, due to the kinetic effect of the ions in both intracellular and intermediate fluid and due to the subsequent increase in internal temperature [35].
Device profile of the Proclaim XR neurostimulation system for the treatment of chronic pain: an overview of its safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Jonathan M. Hagedorn, Alyson M. Engle, Priyanka Ghosh, Timothy R. Deer
Per manufacturer instructions, diathermy therapy is prohibited, whether the system is on or off. Severe injury or death can occur if diathermy is used due to the transfer of energy through the system. For electrocautery use during surgery, monopolar devices are prohibited, and if using bipolar electrocautery, the device must be placed in surgery mode prior to the procedure and confirmation of function should take place after surgery. There is always a possibility of interaction between the neurostimulation system and implanted cardiac systems and implanted cardiac defibrillators. Therefore, it is recommended to maximize the distance between the two systems, confirm that each system is working without affecting the other and that either device is never programmed into a unipolar mode. For external cardiac defibrillators, safety has not yet been established. High-output ultrasonics, lithotripsy devices, and ultrasonic scanning devices may not be used directly over the IPG. For radiation therapy, conclusive studies have not been done, but the IPG area must be shielded with lead for any treatments. Studies in pediatric, pregnant, and nursing populations have not been done; therefore, there are currently no safety data on these patient populations [21].