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The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Published in Arturo Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2019
electrotherapy. Credit for the first use of electricity as a therapeutic agent (1744) is given by Duchenne, himself a pioneer in the field, to J. G. krueger (1715-59), Professor of Medicine at Halle and later at Helmstadt; and by Priestley (History of Electricity, 1767) to C. G. kratzenstein (1723-95), who published a book on the subject in 1745. According to Vinaj, the first use of electricity in treatment was made in 1747 by the Paduan G. F. pigati, who attempted to introduce therapeutic substances into the systems of the gouty and the arthritic by means of the electric current.
Chronic Perineal Pain
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Giuseppe Chiarioni, William E. Whitehead
The tendinitis (inflammation) hypothesis for chronic proctalgia was tested by steroid caudal block and by pelvic tender point injection of a mixture of Triamcinolone acetonide and Lidocaine with negative results.15 A recent cohort study compared the outcomes of steroid injection therapy and electrogalvanic stimulation in a small sample of 53 chronic proctalgia patients. In the short term, injection treatment was more effective than electrotherapy on inducing total pain relief (26% vs. 9% of patients), but the benefits were lost at one-year follow-up.17
Energy Medicine: Focus on Nonthermal Electromagnetic Therapies
Published in Len Wisneski, The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
Len Wisneski, Bernard O. Williams
In conventional medicine, electrotherapy is used primarily for iontophoresis, neuromuscular stimulation, or tissue heating (Robertson et al., 2006). In iontophoresis, direct current (DC) pushes therapeutically beneficial ions through the skin barrier with safe, DC densities that are less than 0.5 mA/cm2 cathode currents and less than 1.0 mA/cm2 at the anode (Robertson et al., 2006). For nerve and muscle stimulation, alternating current (AC) is used in the frequency range from 1 to 10 kHz, to promote tissue healing or for pain relief. Stimulus voltages are typically in the range from 10 to 100 V, and currents range from 10 to 100 mA, supplied from electrodes in contact with the skin. Within the broad range of stimulus frequencies, the most commonly used nerve and muscle stimulation is with AC frequencies in the 4 kHz range. Sports medicine and training applications use AC frequencies in the 2.5 kHz range for muscle strengthening (Robertson et al., 2006). AC frequencies in the radio shortwave and microwave ranges are used to produce deep-tissue diathermy, heating by induced currents. Clinical diathermy devices in the radio shortwave band typically use 27.12 MHz. Microwave diathermy that uses 2450, 915, and 434 MHz are approved for medical use in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. In the United States, only 2450 and 915 MHz are approved for medical applications (Robertson et al., 2006).
Patients’ satisfaction with physiotherapy management of chronic mechanical neck pain in physiotherapy departments of public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria: A mixed-method study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Adesola C. Odole, Ayomikun Ayodeji, Blessing Adolo, Chiedozie James Alumona, Henrietha Adandom, Chidozie E. Mbada, Oluwagbohunmi A. Awosoga
A typical physiotherapy department in a public hospital is made up of several units which include the: orthopedic unit; neurology and medicine unit; pediatric unit; women health unit; and cardiopulmonary/intensive care unit. Each of these units has outpatient and inpatient sections. The departments have various electrotherapy equipment such as ultrasound therapy, electrical muscle stimulator, short wave diathermy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS), among others. The departments also have functional gym settings for improving cardiopulmonary endurance and physical fitness as well as weight reduction. The applied therapies for chronic mechanical neck pain included manual therapy, exercise therapy, electrotherapy, education, and counseling. Patients with chronic neck pain are usually reviewed comprehensively after 10 treatment sessions.
Post-arthrolysis rehabilitation in a patient with wrist stiffness secondary to distal radio-ulnar fracture: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Andrea Inglese, Sheila Santandrea
From the tenth day, electrotherapy was applied with the aim of reducing atrophy, improving muscle strength in the PROM achieved, and increasing AROM (Doucet, Lam, and Griffin, 2012) (Figure 8). The electrodes were placed on the extrinsic or intrinsic muscles depending on the target (manufacturer Globus Genesy 600TM, using the pre-set agonist-antagonist mode). The duration of the electrotherapy treatment was 20 minutes, and the intensity was set according to the patient’s tolerance. The combination of electrotherapy and active muscle contraction is more effective than programs that use these techniques separately (Paillard, Noé, Passelergue, and Dupui, 2005). To achieve fine motor coordination, a pegboard was used to perform an active movement against the resistance of a rubber band. The target was to improve the extrinsic wrist extensor muscles together with intrinsic muscles of the hand to avoid the activation of the extrinsic fingers extensor muscles (Figure 9).
Effects of various types of ultrasound therapy in hip osteoarthritis - a double-blind, randomized, controlled, follow-up study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Márta Király, Edina Gömöri, Rita Kiss, Noémi Nógrádi, Nóra Nusser, Katalin Hodosi, Tamás Bender
UST is often used in the treatment of OA. During UST, electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and heat. UST exerts physical, chemical and biologic effects. Its physical effects include thermal effects and micro-massage caused by tissue vibration generated by an acoustic wave. Its chemical effect involves oxidizing effect, acceleration of diffusion processes, and tissue pH increase. Its local biological effects include vasodilation, hyperemia, muscle spasm release and stimulation of fibroblast activity (Koeda et al., 2019; Xia et al., 2017). Usually, two modes of UST are used: continuous and pulsed (intermittent). The advantage of the pulsed mode is that higher intensity can be applied without thermal effect. Thus, UST is effective in acute pain and inflammation. The continuous mode is more favorable in chronic musculoskeletal pathologies and in treating decreased range of motion, due to its thermal effect. In clinical practice, 0.5–3 W/cm2 intensity is most frequently used. UST can be combined with electrotherapy (e.g. diadynamic current, interferential current, and TENS) when the two modalities may have additive biological effects.