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Encapsulation and Other Programmed/Sustained-Release Techniques for Essential Oils and Volatile Terpenes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
To lower the volatility, one needs to encapsulate the volatile into a polymer matrix, utilize a complex formation, use covalent bonding to a matrix, to mention a few techniques. We therefore need to formulate the volatiles and take many of the techniques from areas where controlled release formulations have been in use for many years. Especially, the area of controlled drug delivery has a large number of such formulations. Today, there exists a large number of sustained drug-delivery formulations in both journal publications and in international patents (Deasy, 1984).
Innovative Delivery Systems for Andrographolide Delivery
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
A. C. Santos, J. A. D. Sequeira, F. Veiga, A. Figueiras, A. J. Ribeiro
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) consist of colloidal carriers constituted by lipids and stabilized by surfactants, whose lipid matrix is solid at room temperature. As a drug carrier, those structures protect encapsulated drugs against degradation as well as provide controlled drug delivery. SLNs’ average particle size varies from 10 to 1000 nm (Wissing et al., 2004). The lipid matrix selections are biocompatible and biodegradable, decreasing the risk of acute and chronic toxicity (Pawar et al., 2016). Usually, the used lipids in SLN matrices are biocompatible triglycerides, including trimyristin (tri-C14), tripalmitin (tri-C16), and tristearin (tri-C18); simple esters, as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl behenate; as well as fatty acids, like stearic acid (Wissing et al., 2004). Other advantages of these novel drug delivery systems include their long-term stability, ability to enhance the encapsulated drug bioavailability, possibility to control and target drug release, versatility, and formulation efficiency due to the advantageous capability of encapsulating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs (Wissing et al., 2004).
Exploring Potential of Nanocarriers for Therapy of Mycotic Keratitis
Published in Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto, Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
Mrunali R. Patel, Rashmin B. Patel, Anuj J. Patel
Solid lipid nanoparticles are first generation lipid carriers in which the drug is entrapped within a solid lipid core matrix composed of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, steroids, waxes, etc. (Bseiso et al. 2015). Since the mobility of the entrapped drug is lower in the solid lipid, they propose the possibility of a controlled drug delivery, but with the disadvantage of low drug loading capacity possibly because of chances of drug explosion during storage (Muller et al. 2002). Solid lipid nanoparticles of voriconazole were prepared with an aim to improve its availability at the intraocular level and also attain a sustained release dosage form which could be used as a promising alternative therapy for mycotic infections of eye (Khare et al. 2016, Füredi et al. 2017). Further, they have been fruitfully prepared for including antifungal drugs like clotrimazole (Souto and Muller 2007), itraconazole (Mukherjee et al. 2009), miconazole (Bhalekar et al. 2009), ketoconazole (Souto and Muller 2005), econazole (Sanna et al. 2007); but either for different route of administration or for ocular diseases other than ophthalmic fungal infections. All of the reported formulations in the literature have shown to enhance bioavailability inspite of drug loading difficulties.
Affinity-controlled capture and release of engineered monoclonal antibodies by macroporous dextran hydrogels using coiled-coil interactions
Published in mAbs, 2023
Seyed Farzad Baniahmad, Romane Oliverio, Ines Obregon-Gomez, Alma Robert, Anne E.G. Lenferink, Elena Pazos, Nick Virgilio, Xavier Banquy, Gregory De Crescenzo, Yves Durocher
We recently reported the design of an affinity-controlled capture and delivery system from a macroporous dextran hydrogel for two growth factors.15 In this work, the Kcoil peptide was conjugated to the surface of macroporous templated dextran hydrogels, with a macropore size in the 100 µm range and high (>95%) macropore interconnectivity. These Kcoil-functionalized hydrogels were used for the loading and subsequent release of Ecoil-tagged epidermal- and vascular endothelial growth factors (EGF, VEGF). We have shown that this highly tunable platform is able to deliver a bioactive Ecoil-tagged EGF up to 96 hours post-loading in a cell proliferative assay.15 Results from this work provide promising perspectives on controlled drug delivery systems. The use of a macroporous platform, where protein diffusion is controlled by the E/K affinity pair and mainly occurs in the macropore network of the gel rather than in the hydrogel mesh, suggests a versatile delivery system for different therapeutic proteins, regardless of their size.
Microchannel-embedded implantable device with fibrosis suppression for prolonged controlled drug delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Han Bi Ji, Jae Young Hong, Cho Rim Kim, Chang Hee Min, Jae Hoon Han, Min Ji Kim, Se-Na Kim, Cheol Lee, Young Bin Choy
For prolonged, controlled drug delivery, implantable devices are often fabricated in the shape of a chip embedded with pairs of a microchannel and drug reservoir serving as a drug diffusion barrier and depot, respectively (Lee et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2018a,b). Thus, after implantation, these devices can deliver drugs in a highly controlled manner for an extended duration. The delivery is mainly modulated by the channel dimensions, and the corresponding regimen is generally considered as advantageous for the delivery of drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids (Araújo et al., 2009; Martin et al., 2016; Hameed et al., 2020). With the rapid developments in micro- and nano-fabrication technologies (Gardner, 2006; Stevenson et al., 2012), microchannels can be fabricated precisely with high integration, allowing for various drug release profiles in a small-scale implantable device (Hilt & Peppas, 2005; Sutradhar & Sumi, 2016). However, when the devices are implanted in a living body, an inevitable foreign body reaction causes a fibrotic capsule formation around the device, and this additional barrier hampers systemic drug absorption, as reported for many other implantable devices (Bank, 2019; Asrory et al., 2020). This has been considered problematic, as the fibrotic capsule often greatly lowers systemic drug exposure, even for a device with a highly controlled drug release (Ji et al., 2020).
Design and Optimization of PLGA Particles to Deliver Immunomodulatory Drugs for the Prevention of Skin Allograft Rejection
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2020
Khawar Ali Shahzad, Muhammad Naeem, Lei Zhang, Xin Wan, Shilong Song, Weiya Pei, Chen Zhao, Xiaoxiao Jin, Chuanlai Shen
Although, the advantages of the controlled drug delivery system have been described as they cause minimal toxicity and do not impair the overall host immune function, still translation of particle-based drug delivery systems (co-coupled with proteins, toxins and/or immunoregulatory molecules) probably will be more cumbersome (Ugel et al. 2009). Moreover, there are many logistical and regulatory problems of these approaches in clinical implementation (Verma and Stellacci 2010). Despite its safety profiles the increased muscle pain and allergic responses in the form of inflammation at local administration site is also a serious issue (Riley et al. 2009). Thus, these concerns limit the application of PLGA MNPs-based and on-target therapeutics in human beings. To further solve these weaknesses, the density and ratios of MHC alloantigens and multiple regulatory molecules immobilized onto MNPs should be further titrated to achieve maximal antigen-specific modulation on T cells with minimal bystander killing. The route, dosage and frequency of regulatory MNPs administration must be further optimized.