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Fenugreek
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Ujjwala Kandekar, Sunil Ramdasi, Prasad Thakurdesai
A transdermal patch is designed to release a controlled dose of a drug through the skin for a prolonged time (Saroha, Yadav, and Sharma 2011). The transdermal patch containing trigonelline (10%)-based standardized fenugreek extract (carbomer-940 and polyethylene glycol) was reported to decrease pain score, post-surgery demand for subcutaneous morphine in comparison to diclofenac dermal patch (1%) in patients of inguinal hernia post-operative pain during a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study (Ansari et al. 2019). Gradual reduction in pain during 6 h and after 24 h of surgery was reported on patients treated with fenugreek patch as measured by a visual analogue scale (the pain sensation in the range of 0 to 10) with reduced side effects of morphine and no allergic side effects (Ansari et al. 2019).
Pharmacology of Male Sexual Function
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Andrei Kozan, Weida Lau, Oliver Kayes
Choice of formulation:IM injections − a cost-effective option. Fluctuations in libido and mood due to large variations in serum T level during the dosing interval.Transdermal patches − a common side effect of skin irritation. Pre-treatment of the application site with 0.1% triamcinolone cream reduces the risk of irritation without reducing T absorption.Transdermal gel − lower incidence of skin irritation than patches but result in variable increases in T levels. Patients should be counselled regarding the possible transfer of the drug to partners or children via direct skin contact.Oral therapies − rarely used because of the need for multiple dosing regimens and fears of hepatotoxicity.
Preclinical and Clinical Safety Assessment of Transdermal and Topical Dermatological Products
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Lindsey C. Yeh, Howard I. Maibach
Since 1979, after the U.S. FDA approved the first transdermal patch, there has been successful marketing of numerous transdermal drug delivery systems. Transdermal patches have advantages over oral medications including reduction of first-pass drug-degradation effects, reduction in adverse effects and convenient painless medication administration. Efforts have been made to improve transdermal transport with chemical enhancers, use of electric fields (iontophoresis and electroporation) and ultrasound. However, many limitations exist in the development of transdermal delivery systems, which partly account for the limited number of products marketed over the last 30 years. The assessment of the safety of transdermal and topical dermatologic products is often a long and incompletely developed process, but on the basis of three decades of experience, manageable.
Fabrication of solid lipid nanoparticles-based patches of paroxetine and their ex-vivo permeation behaviour
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Fahad Pervaiz, Ayesha Saba, Haya Yasin, Manal Buabeid, Sobia Noreen, Abida Kalsoom Khan, Ghulam Murtaza
It is recognized that drug delivery through the skin is considered a suitable tool for drug transport in many local and systemic diseases [14]. In the last few years, transdermal delivery of drugs earned great popularity due to bypassing the first-pass effect, avoiding fluctuations in plasma level and improving patient compliance [15]. Transdermal drug delivery systems, commonly referred to as ‘patches’, have many advantages, including controlled release, fewer systemic adverse effects, user-friendliness, painlessness and better patient compliance via a single dosage for multiple days. Transdermal patches transport drugs to the blood through the skin. The main advantage of the transdermal route is the possibility of attaining the steady-state plasma concentration and sustained action of the drug [16].
Mathematical modelling of drug-diffusion from multi-layered capsules/tablets and other drug delivery devices
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Transdermal drug delivery provides an adequate suitable route for oral drug delivery having a large number of benefits over other drug delivery routes. A typical transdermal patch is composed of an adhesive matrix which contains the drug in-between a backing layer and release liner. Examples include nicotine patches which deliver a constant dose of nicotine across the skin that helps to relieve the symptoms associated with tobacco withdrawal, scopolamine for motion sickness, testosterone and oestrogen for replacement therapy, nitroglycerin for angina pectoris, fentanyl as analgesia and clonidine for hypertension. Therefore in this case, the domain consists of a two-layered transdermal patch and various layers of the skin (target tissue), mentioned in Table 3. Thus in this framework, there is an aggregate of nine layers (two layers of the transdermal patch and seven layers of the dermal region). Hence, taking n = 9, Eqs. (21) and (22) are simulated using the physiological values of various parameters given in Tables 3 and 4 with the help of Wolfram MATHEMATICA software, to obtain the concentration and diffusion profiles in the corresponding layers. The model simulations are presented graphically in Figures 11 and 12.
Fentanyl use disorder characterized by unprescribed use of transdermal patches: a case report
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Cavid Guliyev, Zehra Olcay Tuna, Kültegin Ögel
Fentanyl is a pure mu receptor agonist that crosses the blood–brain barrier rapidly. Its analgesic effect is 75–100 times higher than that of morphine.1 The routes of administration for prescribed use include oral, intravenous, epidural, transdermal, intranasal, and transmucosal routes. Transdermal fentanyl patch (TFP) has been widely used as an effective analgesic since 1990.2 TFP has several clinical advantages, such as long-acting analgesic effect and low incidence of undesirable side effects compared to morphine. Owing to such features, the use of TFP has been accepted as a noninvasive method for pain relief.3 Because of its low molecular weight and lipophilic properties, fentanyl is easily absorbed through skin.4 TFPs are available in doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mcg/hour. The effect of fentanyl lasts for up to 72 hours when used as transdermal patches.2 Compared to other forms, TFPs have a reduced possibility of misuse due to the fact that TFPs release the drug in a sustained and long-acting manner with a stable serum concentration.5 In addition, it is accepted that the risk of developing tolerance and use disorder is minimal because it rarely causes euphoria.6