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Current Status and Role of Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Haohao Wang, Suping Wang, Xuedong Zhou, Jiyao Li, Libang He, Lei Cheng
Bonding system is one of the branches of dental restorative dentistry, and its primary aim is to provide retention of restorations, typically composites, to the natural substance of teeth enamel and dentin. Historically, adhesive dentistry can be traced to 1955 when Dr. Michael Buonocore first demonstrated the bonding of acrylic resin to etched enamel (Buonocore 1955). Since then, adhesive technology has evolved rapidly in the following years. By now, the bonding system has evolved to the seventh generation, from no-etch (first-generation) to total-etch (fourth- and fifth-generation) to self-etch (sixth- and seventh-generation) systems (Freedman and Leinfelder 2002; Kugel and Ferrari 2000). These advances have led to a large number of commercial adhesives, providing great convenience and satisfactory performance in clinical applications Beyth et al. (2007), Breschi et al. (2010).
Design, Development, Manufacturing, and Testing of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Timothy A. Peterson, Steven M. Wick, Chan Ko
Adhesives or drug-in-adhesive mixtures are coated onto a moving web, using a variety of methods. The adhesives are usually either a polymer melt or a polymer solution. The latter may be coated directly at room temperature, while hot melt coating requires an additional process to heat and/or mix the adhesive.
Small Bowel Obstruction
Published in Stephen M. Cohn, Peter Rhee, 50 Landmark Papers, 2019
As the disease is persistent and seemingly unavoidable, there may be hope for a decreased burden of disease in an increasingly minimally invasive era. Operative technique and handling of the bowel has been attributed to the formation of adhesions. This thought process can be inferred from the results from Miller: colorectal procedures being more causative for obstruction than appendectomy, where there is a more focused exploration of the abdomen. Laparoscopic surgery has been demonstrated to be four times less likely to cause adhesive bowel obstruction requiring hospital admission (Angenete et al., 2012). Although minimally invasive procedures have higher index costs, the scales tend to balance at time of discharge. If minimally invasive surgery induces less tissue trauma and therefore causes fewer adhesions, this should be considered when planning operative needs, especially knowing the long-term consequences and recurrence of adhesive small bowel disease. If adhesive disease is inevitable, one should attempt to obviate or at least diminish that risk.
Impact of adhesive application errors on dentin bond strength of resin composite
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2022
Benjamin Michael Schärer, Anne Peutzfeldt
Each adhesive system is accompanied by the manufacturer’s instructions for use, which should be strictly adhered to during application. A survey in Denmark has shown that almost a quarter of the dentists questioned could not remember the correct application procedure of their adhesive system [10]. Thus, it is possible that in dental practice adhesive systems are not used according to the manufacturer’s instructions due to a lack of knowledge but also due to the time pressure in dentistry. A previous study investigated the effect on bond strength of incorrect use of six adhesive systems [11] and found the bond strength of resin composite to dentin to be significantly reduced by deviations from the manufacturer protocol. Twenty years have passed and in the meantime adhesive systems have undergone tremendous development. It seems relevant to investigate whether this continued development has resulted in less technique-sensitive adhesive systems.
Recent advances on small molecular gels: formation mechanism and their application in pharmaceutical fields
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Meiling Su, Jingwen Zhang, Zudi Li, Yuanfeng Wei, Jianjun Zhang, Zunting Pang, Yuan Gao, Shuai Qian, Weili Heng
Adhesiveness is one of the surface characteristics of materials which is affected by adhesive and cohesive forces [70]. Multiple factors would influence the adhesiveness of gels, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, etc. [47]. Heng et al. investigated the adhesiveness of gels generated from amorphous lurasidone hydrochloride at different temperatures (30°C, 37°C, and 45°C) and ionic strengths (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 M NaH2PO4) by texture analyzer. The results showed that the gels formed at high temperature (or ionic strength) possessed higher adhesive force. For example, the adhesive force of the formed gel was dramatically enhanced by 11.4-fold with the temperature increased from 30°C to 45°C [71]. Adhesiveness is one of the important characteristics for the construction of in vivo drug delivery systems, such as transdermal drug delivery [72].
Design and development of essential oil based nanoemulsion for topical application of triclosan for effective skin antisepsis
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Pratibha G. Kakadia, Barbara R. Conway
At the end of the permeation study, the amount of TSN retained within the skin was quantified using the adhesive tape stripping method. After 24 h of diffusion, the skin was carefully removed and washed with distilled water to remove any residual formulation. A differential stripping technique was used to quantify the amount of TSN in porcine skin by combining tape stripping and cyanoacrylate biopsy (Olesen et al. 2019; Nastiti et al. 2020; Hughes et al. 2021). The skin was tape stripped 15 times using an adhesive surgical tape (3M Transpore, Glasgow, UK). Tape 1 was analysed individually as this would contain unabsorbed materials on the skin surface, whereas tapes 2–5 and 6–15 were analysed together. Following tape stripping, a drop of cyanoacrylate glue was placed on the skin and covered with adhesive tape applied under slight pressure. After 10 min, the cyanoacrylate polymerised and the strip was removed, entrapping the casts of hair follicles. Two successive cyanoacrylate applications were applied to each skin sample and analysed individually. After stripping, the remaining skin was weighed accurately and cut into fine pieces. All skin samples were placed into vials containing 10 ml of methanol and sonicated for 30 min. After sonication (Transonic, Wisbech, UK), the samples were centrifuged for 20 min at 400 rpm (Eppendorf centrifuge 5702, Camberley, UK). The supernatant was collected after centrifugation and the amount of TSN in the remaining skin tissue was determined using HPLC.