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Psoriasis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Coal tar (.5-33%) may be applied as a solution, lotion, cream, ointment, or gel. It has an unpleasant odor and can stain clothing and bedding. Coal tar is typically applied at night and should be allowed to dry on the skin for 10-15 minutes before getting into bed (to minimize staining of bedding and nightclothes) and is showered off in the morning. Alternatively, coal tar can be applied in the morning and showered off after 10-15 minutes.15,16 Tar-containing shampoos are effective in the treatment of psoriasis of the scalp.15,16
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Tar is not used much these days because it is brown and smelly and patients do not like it. Crude coal tar can be refined by boiling and then alcoholic extraction to produce coal tar solution. This is used in proprietary bath and scalp preparations for psoriasis and seborrhoeic eczema such as Alphosyl, Polytar, Psoriderm, T-gel and Exorex lotion; combined with coconut oil and salicylic acid in Capasal, and salicylic acid and precipitated sulphur in Cocois and Sebco.
Tobacco and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
ASH (2018a) describe smoking as a process whereby the smoke carries the toxic chemicals into the smoker or into the air in the form of particulates, solids and gases. Particulates include tar and nicotine. Tar is the sticky brown substance that stains smokers’ teeth and fingers. Tar is one of the chemicals that causes cancer. Nicotine is highly addictive and it is the craving for nicotine that often keeps people smoking. Lower-tar cigarettes are also lower in nicotine, but they are not safer or healthier because many smokers smoke more, or inhale more deeply, to get more nicotine, thus maintaining their overall tar inhalation.
Long-term topical management of psoriasis: the road ahead
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Siegfried Segaert, Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton, Pablo de la Cueva, Ahmad Jalili, Dominique Lons Danic, Andrew E. Pink, Diamant Thaçi, Melinda Gooderham
Approximately 80% of patients with psoriasis have localized, usually mild-to-moderate, disease, which can be treated with topical treatments (5,6) and current guidelines recommend topical therapies as first-line treatment (7,8). Currently approved topical treatments include corticosteroids (used alone or in combination regimens), vitamin D analogs, combined corticosteroid/vitamin D (calcipotriol) formulations, vitamin A derivatives (tazarotene), anthralin, and newer formulations of tar (5). Furthermore, topical preparations containing salicylic acid (3–10%) and urea (3–10%) are frequently used as adjunctive treatment (4). The type of vehicle is an important consideration which can significantly impact efficacy and potency. Traditional vehicles include lotions, creams, ointments, gels, sprays, powders and, more recently, foams (5). Topical therapies can be used alone or as adjunctive agents with systemic treatment in order to enhance therapeutic outcomes (9). When used with systemic treatment, Bagel et al. noted that ‘the topical agent added should be cosmetically acceptable, be dosed preferably once-daily to enhance adherence, and have demonstrated a good efficacy and safety profile’ (10).
Holistic development of coal tar lotion by embedding design of experiments (DoE) technique: preclinical investigations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Mandeep Sharma, Gajanand Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, Vandana Dhiman, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, O.P. Katare
Since the coal was first used as fuel, tar is associated as a by-product [1]. Around 2000 years ago, Dioscorides recognized the therapeutic applications of this combustion waste in various skin disorders including psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo [2,3]. The efforts of formulation scientists resulted in the availability of various topical products in the market. Till the beginning of 21st century, these products are the result of conventional approaches that manifest themselves as a convenient dosage form of drug for application without any regard to disease-associated changes in physiology and need of the drug or disease. In the first decade of this century, products based upon novel drug delivery system, liposome, viz., Lipotar S, Lipotar SS (Lifecare Innovations Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana) appear in the market to overcome the aesthetic (odor, staining, and messiness), efficacy, and compliance problems of previous products [4,5].
Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Ralph Pirow, Annegret Blume, Nicole Hellwig, Matthias Herzler, Bettina Huhse, Christoph Hutzler, Karla Pfaff, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Tewes Tralau, Bärbel Vieth, Andreas Luch
From the dermatological point of view, the pharmacological effect of mineral oil-based products such as petrolatum (see Chapter “Mineral oils in medicinal products”) is of primary importance for the health assessment of mineral oils in cosmetic products. In the US, petrolatum is approved for infection prophylaxis after dermatosurgery and for the maintenance therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). There is mounting evidence that PAHs play a critical role in mediating the beneficial effect (see below). PAHs occur not only in mineral oil-based products, they are highly enriched in coal tar also. Coal tar-based products are also used to treat AD and other chronic skin diseases such as psoriasis. The following summary of selected studies on petrolatum and coal tar considers the dermatological viewpoint.