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Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Safety Issues of Essential Oils: Applications in Aromatherapy
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Anindya Sundar Ray, Suman Kalyan Mandal, Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman
Most common dandruff-causing microorganisms are Malassezia furfur and Pityrosporum ovale. Thymol in Coleus amboinicus and 1-8-Cineol in Eucalyptus globulus were found to have excellent anti-dandruff activity against Malassezia furfur [151]. Most of the antidandruff shampoos contain tea tree oil. In 2002, Satchell et al., [149] established its anti-dandruff efficacy against Pityrosporum ovale [149].
Surfactants in Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Ricardo Pedro, Kenneth A. Walters
Shampoos can damage hair in different ways. They can damage hair by abrasion/erosion both during the shampooing process itself, when hair is wiped against each other and stretched repeatedly while soaping, combing or drying with a towel or hair dryer. Shampoos can also slowly dissolve or remove structural and superficial lipids from the hair. The superficial lipids give lubricity to the hair, which protects during the act of combing and brushing.
Cleansing of Hair
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
Hair cleansing nowadays is synonymous with shampooing, using shampoo products that are available in a broad selection of product forms, performance, and product attributes. Most shampoos are preparations of either aqueous solutions, emulsions or dispersions, containing cleansing agents, fragrances, preservatives, and other additives such as thickeners and foam builders. Soaps are still used occasionally, but synthetic surfactants are the prime cleansing agents in modern shampoos. These surfactants, containing both an oleophilic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety in the same molecule, have some unusual properties, and are uniquely suited for hair soil removal. They are highly surface-active to provide effective wetting of the hair surface. In aqueous solution, they tend to form micellar structures to help the process of solubilization and emulsification.
Hemoptysis after exposure to a household insecticide spray: A case report and review of the literature
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2019
A. J. Ruberto, H. D. Morakis, C. L. D’Arsigny
Case reports that detail severe respiratory distress after inhalational exposure to pyrethroids and pyrethrins are limited. While the risk of adverse respiratory events is increased in those patients with preexisting lung disease, there does not appear to be a way to reliably predict which patients and to what severity they will experience adverse respiratory events.2 In 1977, a case report described chronic exposure to Raid in a 24-year-old woman. She developed pleuritic chest pain, nonproductive cough and shortness of breath.4 In 1992, five office workers were exposed to cypermethrin and experienced shortness of breath, nausea and irritability.5 In 2000, an 11-year-old girl was exposed to a pyrethrin-based shampoo while bathing her pet dog, which exacerbated her underlying asthma. She was unresponsive to intubation and aggressive treatment for her acute asthma attack and died in hospital 2.5 hours after the exposure.6 A case published in Poland in 2001 described a 17-year-old boy that experienced hemoptysis and respiratory failure after exposure to deltamethrin. In hospital, he was determined to have alveolar hemorrhage and his symptoms completely subsided after 5 months of corticosteroids.7 More recently, in 2016, a case report was published that described a 29-year-old female whom developed acute eosinophilic pneumonia 48 hours after using a pyrethroid based “flea bomb” at home. She developed hypoxemic respiratory failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Her condition improved with IV steroids and supportive management.8
Undeclared formaldehyde levels in patient consumer products: formaldehyde test kit utility
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Jason E. Ham, Paul D. Siegel, Howard Maibach
The rate of decomposition to release formaldehyde is chemical species, matrix, pH, temperature and time dependent3. Thus, amount of free formaldehyde present in a product may not represent that dermally delivered or the bioavailable dose under usage conditions. This is further complicated by residence time/dermal contact of a product. Products can be crudely divided into “leave-on”, “rinse-off” and “other” categories. Sun screens, topical medications, moisturizer creams and cosmetics are examples of “stay-on” products. “Rinse-off” products include shampoos, body wash, and hand soaps. The “other” category encompasses formaldehyde-releaser exposures that are incidental or variable with respect to contact time with the skin. Occupational exposure to cutting fluids, pesticides and hair styling products4 containing formaldehyde-releasers as well as clothing5,6 may fall into the “other” category where exposure time is more variable.
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Sunscreens come in a diversity of formulations like lotions/creams, water-based gels, sticks, sprays, and cosmetic preparations. Sunscreens available as gels are preferred by patients with oily skin, but suffer the disadvantage of being washed away easily. Sprays are convenient but application insufficiency is another disadvantage. Sunprotective agents are also used in hair care products, like shampoos, serums, and artificial dyes, to provide protection against UV-induced hair color change, protein damage, and roughness (74,76). Patient and consumer compliance is of utmost importance in case of sunscreen efficacy as inadequate application may result in subsequent reduction in sun protection factor (SPF). Disadvantages suffered by inorganic ingredients, like opacity or whitening effect and those like greasiness and oiliness for organic ingredients may be a possible reason for consumer incompliance as infrequent and insufficient application contributes to sunscreen failure (75,78–80).