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The Precision Medicine Approach in Oncology
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
A number of UGT1A1 test kits are available from various companies worldwide, and UGT1A1 testing services are available from many hospitals and research institutions. One of the first test kits to be marketed was from the US company Genzyme who developed an assay that detected variations in the UGT1A1 gene associated with risk. A prospective clinical study associated with this kit demonstrated that patients with one of these variations had a greater than ninefold risk of decreased white blood cell count after treatment compared to patients without it. As a result, CamptosarTM’s labeling in the US was updated to include dosing recommendations based on a patient’s UGT1A1 status.
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Qin Li Jiang
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): Interferes with B- and T-cell proliferation by inhibiting purine synthesis.A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study showed a promising trend, favoring benefit of MMF compared to placebo.14 However, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies showed that there was no significant benefit of mycophenolate plus corticosteroids over corticosteroid treatment alone.15,16 However, patients were only followed for 12 and 36 weeks in these two studies, and the mechanism of action of mycophenolate as well as experience with AZA and other immunosuppressive drugs suggest that longer treatment may be necessary for peak clinical effect.Typical starting dose is 1000 mg twice daily.A potentially serious side effect is myelosuppression, and so complete blood cell count should be monitored.
Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Table 27.1 presents patient-dependent risk factors. Within the section of analytical alterations, the following should be noted: Platelet count greater than 350,000/mm3White blood cell count greater than 11,000/mm3Hemoglobin less than 10 gr/dLOther: Tissue factor in tumor cells, circulating tissue factor, P-selectin, C-reactive protein (PCR)
The systemic inflammation indexes predict all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Yan Yang, Yuanyuan Xu, Shusu Liu, Peiyu Lu, Hua Zhou, Min Yang
Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained within 1 week before PD catheterization. Complete blood cell count including white blood count, hemoglobin, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were assessed. We also collected the following parameters: serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), RRF, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), albumin, globulin, CRP, prealbumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (apo-B), and ejection fraction (EF). The body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) is equal to body weight divided by the square of height. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated by diastolic blood pressure plus 1/3 of pulse pressure. The calculation of corrected calcium was as follows: corrected calcium = serum calcium + 0.02×(40-albumin). Blood cell count-derived inflammation indexes were calculated by following equations [13]: AISI = neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count/lymphocyte count; SII = neutrophil count × platelet count/lymphocyte count; SIRI = neutrophil count × monocyte count/lymphocyte count.
Potential inflammatory biomarkers for tinnitus in platelets and leukocytes: a critical scoping review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Raheel Ahmed, Alice Shadis, Rumana Ahmed
Bayram et al. (2015) used the TRQ and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), it is unclear whether these questionnaires were translated into Turkish. As only one study used the two aforementioned questionnaires, it is difficult to compare the results with other tinnitus studies. The TRQ has strong internal reliability, test-retest reliability and may be of clinical utility as a measure of psychological distress in tinnitus patients (Wilson et al. 1991). Lower levels of psychological distress, as shown by the TRQ scores in Bayram et al. (2015), may be the reason why no significant association was found between tinnitus and NLR, MPV, PLR, neutrophil, platelet and lymphocyte count. A possible confounding variable in this study may be that complete blood cell count and biochemical data were all assessed from previous records. It is difficult to standardise the methodology used to extract and store the blood samples and how close the samples were to expiry when the values were recorded, which may compromise the accuracy of those recorded values (Noris, Melazzini, and Balduini 2016).
Akt pathway activation reduces platelet apoptosis and contributes to the increase of platelet counts in solid tumor patients
Published in Platelets, 2022
Huan Tian, Songyin Huang, Qing Luo, Zhuochen Lin, Huanhuan Liu, Zhixian Zhang, Wengcheng Fong, Jinghua Zhao, Fengyan Yu
In our study there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between 2869 breast cancer patients and 2825 healthy controls, including age and comorbidities (age: healthy controls 44.39 ± 0.22 years vs breast cancer patients 44.82 ± 0.18 years, p > .05; there was no serious comorbidity in both groups). We analyzed complete blood count of each patient before they received any treatment that might affect blood cell count. We found that platelet counts were significantly increased in breast cancer patients (healthy controls 208 ± 30.82 × 10e9/L vs breast cancer patients 288.2 ± 73.91 × 10e9/L, p < .001. Figure 1a), especially in patients with lymph node metastasis or solid visceral transfer, the mean of platelet counts was 316.38 ± 91.53 × 10e9/L. Besides, there were also significant differences in platelet parameters reflecting platelet volume, such as MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and PCT between breast cancer patients and healthy controls.