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Biodiscovery of Marine Microbial Enzymes in Indonesia
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ekowati Chasanah, Pujo Yuwono, Dewi Seswita Zilda, Siswa Setyahadi
In laboratory studies, the production of enzymes is conducted in small volumes using Erlenmeyer flasks from 1–10 L for fermentation. In general, the bioprocess technology for microbial enzyme production is developed in three stages or scales, namely, (1) the laboratory scale, also called bench scale, where basic screening procedures are conducted; (2) the pilot plant, where the optimal step of operating conditions are obtained; and (3) plant scale, where industries apply the enzyme production process at an economic scale. Before pilot plant–scale stage, the enzyme produced in the bench or lab-scale production has to be optimized so that the enzyme can be produced in high yield, stable and economically feasible. Native enzymes are usually low in activity and yield and are not stable. Therefore, genetic modification and process engineering, including substrate modification and optimization, are important steps after finding the targeted enzymes.
B-Group Vitamin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, María del Milagro Teran, Luiz Henrique Groto Garutti, Ana Clara Candelaria Cucik, Susana Marta Isay Saad, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco, Jean Guy LeBlanc
It is important to screen the strains and find the best cultivation conditions to improve the production of folate by LAB in order to bio-enrich and add nutritional values to fermented products. Albuquerque et al. (2017) demonstrated that one portion (100 mL) of the soymilk supplemented with passion fruit by-products and the prebiotic fructo oligosaccharides (FOS), and fermented by St. thermophilus and L. rhamnosus LGG would contribute to approximately 45% riboflavin RDA for adults. Therefore it is possible to increase the intake of the vitamin by the population using a the microbial production of vitamins, which is a sustainable and cheap bioprocess, as a tool to bio-enrich foods (Albuquerque et al. 2017, Dias et al. 2017, Lãino et al. 2017).
Global Microalgal-Based Products for Industrial Applications
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Ambati Ranga Rao, Gokare A. Ravishankar
BioProcess Algae LLC is focused on providing feedstock for animal feeds, nutritionals and transportation fuels industries from microalgal cultivation in a cost effective manner including favorable carbon balances (www.bioprocessalgae.com). It is based in Omaha, Nebraska. It is currently running a demonstration plant at the Green Plains Inc. ethanol plant in Shenandoah, Iowa. Bioreactors installed in Shenandoah are tied directly to the CO2 exhaust gas and have been operating continuously since 2009.
Harnessing the potential of machine learning for advancing “Quality by Design” in biomanufacturing
Published in mAbs, 2022
Ian Walsh, Matthew Myint, Terry Nguyen-Khuong, Ying Swan Ho, Say Kong Ng, Meiyappan Lakshmanan
One of the major limitations when using purely statistical modeling approaches for QbD is that such methods merely correlate the CPPs and CQAs in an empirical manner and do not provide information on the causal relationships between them. As such, this approach has to be exhaustively repeated for each bioprocess campaign to account for even a minor variation in media, feed, pH, and similar class of products, such as biosimilars with identical manufacturing conditions. This will inevitably inflate the costs of bioprocess development and biomanufacturing. Developing a QbD framework that relies on the mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes could allow it to be applied across different bioprocessing campaigns and would be a major step toward enabling real-time, adaptive control of CQAs during the biomanufacturing process. In this regard, although various comprehensive mechanistic models exist for some of the cellular processes associated with protein synthesis in mammalian cells (see refs.46–49 for available mechanistic models on metabolism and N-glycosylation), the integration of these models is quite challenging due to the varying mathematical approaches (e.g., kinetic, constraint-based and Bayesian modeling approaches), incomplete parameterization and the different units/scales used to model each of the cellular process.
Suitability of transiently expressed antibodies for clinical studies: product quality consistency at different production scales
Published in mAbs, 2022
Sara Rodriguez-Conde, Sophie Inman, Viv Lindo, Leanne Amery, Alison Tang, Uche Okorji-Obike, Wenjuan Du, Berend-Jan Bosch, Paul J. Wichgers Schreur, Jeroen Kortekaas, Isabel Sola, Luis Enjuanes, Laura Kerry, Katharina Mahal, Martyn Hulley, Olalekan Daramola
To assess the impact of scale on titer and product quality, the two lead candidates were scaled up to 50 L and/or 200 L SUBs. For MERS-7.7G6, comparable titers to those reported for the 5 L STR were obtained in the two SUBs on day 8. However, when the process was extended to 12 days, 29% and 34% drops in expression yields were observed at 50 L and 200 L scales, respectively. An even larger drop in expression level (55%) was observed for RVFV-107-104 at 200 L scale attributable to the lower viabilities observed in the SUB. The reduced yield at higher scales was not unexpected, as maintaining productivities is one of the main challenges during bioprocess scale up. This highlights the need for process optimization where different factors, such as culture mixing, heat and gas transfer rates and transfection protocol, should be assessed, with the aim of increasing expression yields at scale.
Need for a risk-based control strategy for managing glycosylation profile for biosimilar products
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Anurag Rathore, Himanshu Malani
Statistically, while variations exist in all glycoforms, the ‘signal-to-noise ratio’ of total afucosylation and sialylation is significantly greater than that of galactosylation. This is perhaps due to the low abundance of the former two relative to the latter thus making the variability seem large. Similar trends are noticeable in biosimilars as well. Variations are more profound in case of afucosylation as compared to HM. SA shows variability in almost all mAb innovators and biosimilars. Given the variability vs. abundance conundrum, it is important that these aspects are taken into consideration when assessing biosimilarity. Furthermore, variations in target product profile between batches is also a commonly observed issue in bioprocess development. Regulatory bodies are also iterating their draft guidelines to suit modern day production needs that accepts a certain degree of variation and controls only when it exceeds a desired threshold [48,49].