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Sponge Enzyme's Role in Biomineralization and Human Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Moin Merchant, Maushmi S. Kumar
The biomineralization process has been carefully investigated and replicated in vitro. It has permeated many fields in our lives, including mechanical, electrical, environmental, and biomedical engineering, based on the aforementioned forming process by biomineralization enzymes combined with other emerging technologies to synthesize new nanomaterials. Biomedical engineering, as the forerunner of human health and life, has gained a lot of attention and has grown into a thriving sector.
Engineering Principles Overview
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
Biomedical engineering, being the newest of all engineering sub-disciplines, also follow these four essential elements, with the main purpose of benefiting humankind in the area of medicine, to provide knowledges, methods, and equipment for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
Chemical and Molecular Imaging of Deep Tissue through Photoacoustic Detection of Chemical Bond Vibrations
Published in Lingyan Shi, Robert R. Alfano, Deep Imaging in Tissue and Biomedical Materials, 2017
VPAI has shown its powerful ability for deep tissue imaging. However, it is still in its early stage. Future development of VPAI may be focused on the optical beam management to reduce the optical scattering in deep tissue, excitation laser with specific wavelength, high repetition rate and high output power pulsed laser to realize high-sensitivity video-rate imaging, and the miniaturization of imaging device, for example catheter in IVPA system, to access deep body tissues with minimal invasion and reliable performance. This exciting technology is anticipated to bring great opportunity to biomedical engineering and eventually benefit the health of entire human beings.
The development path of the medical profession in China’s engineering universities from the perspective of the ‘four new’ disciplines
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Li Yan, Huijing Hu, Yu Zheng, Yin Zhou, Le Li
First, biomedical engineering and the frontiers of medical development should be introduced in the freshman and sophomore years. Teachers with backgrounds in clinical medicine, basic medicine, biomedical engineering, engineering, and other sciences could teach medical knowledge from different disciplinary perspectives to broaden the knowledge of medical students so that they can adapt to the concept of integrated medicine upon admission. Second, in junior and senior professional curricula and elective courses, cross-integrated courses (Med + X), such as medicine and NBIC (nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognition) should be set up to enhance other professional skills in the medical curriculum [24]. Interdisciplinary lecture preparation can be adopted to link medicine-related disciplines to maximize their contribution to the teaching of important concepts [25].
Oxford’s clinical experience in the development of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Ishika Prachee, Feng Wu, David Cranston
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive therapeutic technique that uses non-ionising ultrasound waves to cause tissue necrosis. A shift in focus to find a reliable alternative to open surgery has highlighted other available methods including transarterial chemo-embolisation (TACE), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and energy-based ablative techniques such as radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation and HIFU. Unlike its minimally invasive counterparts, HIFU provides the only truly non-invasive method. Its unique ability to perform selective tissue necrosis in a well-defined area from a distant source is central to its attraction. HIFU is becoming more recognised across the world as a tool for tumour ablation and other applications. The scope of this technique, however, goes beyond the treatment of cancers to chronic pain management, various benign conditions, and haemostasis. HIFU has been used at the Churchill Hospital Oxford for treatment of solid abdominal tumours including those of the liver, kidney, uterus, pancreas, pelvis and prostate. By bridging the disciplines of surgery, cancer medicine and biomedical engineering science, this technology promises to play a significant role in the future of surgery.
Combination therapies currently under investigation in phase I and phase II clinical trials for HIV-1
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Hanh Thi Pham, Subin Yoo, Thibault Mesplède
We have reviewed here most current Phase I and II of experimental combination therapy against HIV infection. Most trials focus on curative efforts rather than therapeutic development. However, two new first-in-class antiretroviral drugs are currently evaluated (islatravir and GS-6207). Curative efforts focus mainly on antibodies, either attempting to elicit them via vaccines or to use them as antiretroviral agents. Small molecules, recombinant cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors are tested to either reverse HIV latency or boost the immune system with the overall objective of reducing the retroviral reservoirs. Finally, cell-based therapies that benefitted from biomedical engineering are also actively investigated. In addition to the interventions listed above, one clinical trial termed NCT04144335 will evaluate the reservoirs of individuals under ART in response to a combination of four immune agents: two bNAbs (VRC07-523LS, PGT121), one immune modulator (IL-15 super-agonist), and haNK™ cells (a commercial engineered NK cells designed to enhance antibody-mediated cell killing) [111]. We provide this example to illustrate the fact that given the current development of safe and efficacious long-acting ART [112], and despite their unprecedented potential benefits, such complex interventions may prove financially difficult to implement for most HIV-positive individuals. Such considerations are beyond the scope of this review.