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Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Chitin and chitooligosaccharides had hypolipidemic effects, lowering LDL cholesterol and TG concentration in blood, and angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor had antihypertensive efficacy. Furthermore, chitin promotes wound healing by boosting macrophage formation and cytokine release. Chitinase is an antifungal agent that can be taken in association with antifungal medicines to treat fungal infections. Enzymes are increasingly being used in various aspects of the food industry, and chitinases offer a wide variety of applications in this area. Because of their antibacterial properties, chitin compounds prevent the proliferation of spoilage bacteria in foods, inhibiting food contamination. In agriculture, chitinases are fascinating enzymes. The chitinous recycling of the waste into biofertilizers is the most notable aspect. Pollution of agricultural soil with fungal infections might render it unprofitable at times. Using large-scale biopesticides to manage fungal infections and pests is one option, but it comes at a high cost. Biological control is an effective technique to mitigate such issues. Chitinases are used to treat a variety of illnesses, including pathogenic fungi, viral diseases, and insect pests, as antifungal, insecticidal, or antiparasitic medicines.
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Biopesticides are natural materials derived from animals, plants, and bacteria, as well as certain minerals, that are used for pest control (206). Biopesticides are classified into three different categories: (1) plant-incorporated protectants, (2) microbial pesticides, and (3) biochemical pesticides (207). The efficacy of biopesticides can be equal to that of conventional pesticides, particularly for crops like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and flowers (207). More research in the field of biopesticides is required to assess their effects on specific pest problems and their potential absence of side effects on human health and the environment.
Use of Essential Oils in Agriculture
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Catherine Regnault-Roger, Susanne Hemetsberger, Gerhard Buchbauer
Insects form the largest population in the animal kingdom and many of them are harmful toward human beings since they act as pathogenic vectors and devaster crops. Pest control, both by synthetics and biopesticides, bear a huge market in the regular growth. The massive use of oil-based synthetic pesticides since the middle of the 20th century, with limited knowledge of properties of some compounds, produced unexpected effects with negative sides, such as environmental persistence (organochloride compounds classified as POPs), chronic toxicity toward human or mammalians and increased insect resistance (Regnault-Roger, 1997). Because of that, it is important to find alternatives which do not damage our environment.
Effect of bacterial toxin identified from the Bacillus subtilis against the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian, Sengodan Karthi, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Haridoss Sivanesh, Narayanan Shyam Sundar, Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja, Govindaraju Ramkumar, Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani, Mohamed S Elshikh, Ahmed Abdel-Megeed, Patcharin Krutmuang
Biopesticides, derived from plants and microorganisms that quickly degrade are considered safer than more stable synthetic insecticides (Senthil-Nathan et al. 2005b, Lengai and Muthomi 2018, Mossa et al. 2018). There are various microorganisms that are potent biocontrol agents and are target specific (Naher et al. 2014). One such microbe is a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillaceae: Firmicutes). This rod-shaped, Gram-positive, bacterium is commonly found in soil and is nonpathogenic to humans, B. subtilis is used in various industries to produce a wide variety of pesticides (Piggot-Irvine 2009, Senthil-Nathan 2015, Kumar et al. 2019). They are also called hay bacillus or grass bacillus. B. subtilis forms a tough endospore and can tolerate extreme temperatures. Hence, it is used as an effective biopesticide in a wide range (Revathi et al. 2014, Lin et al. 2020).
Developmental exposure to the A6-pesticide causes changes in tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression, neurochemistry, and locomotors behavior in larval zebrafish
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Ahmed Nasri, Pierre-André Lafon, Amine Mezni, Philippe Clair, Nicolas Cubedo, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi, Hamouda Beyrem, Mireille Rossel, Véronique Perrier
The exponential growth of the world’s population has necessitated the use of intensive production systems in agriculture globally (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). The over-the-top use of synthetic pesticides and improve crop yields places great strain on natural resources (Liu et al. 2015). The use of chemical pesticides has led to the appearance of several impacts in the environment, including toxic effects on the non-target organism (Hannachi et al. 2022). The arrival of new technologies such as high throughput screening and mass spectrometry in the 1990s boosted “green” chemistry, i.e. the identification of new molecules extracted from plants, and the production of derived molecules with improved properties (Benelli et al. 2016). This “green” chemistry aims to design industrial processes that are more respectful of the environment and to generate products that are more harmless to non-target organisms . These pesticides of plant origin or biopesticides are currently being explored as promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides (Benelli et al. 2016) because they are considered less harmful to non-target organisms since they are of natural origin (Shao and Zhang 2017). A6 is a biopesticide derived from the molecule α-terthienyl which was originally isolated from plants such as Asteraceae (Nivsarkar et al. 2001) for its blue fluorescent properties (Zechmeister and Sease 1947), as well as being described to have herbicidal activity (Friedman and Friedman 1995).
Toxicity and sublethal effects of plant essential oils on life history and detoxification enzymes activity of two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Parvash Piramoon, Ali Mohammadzadeh, Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh, Mahdieh Behzadi, Azita Dehghan, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Nahid Rastakhiz
It seems that essential oils (EOs) could apply as an alternative, safe and appropriate method for plant protection against TSSM and other pests (Afify et al. 2012, Motazedian et al.2012, Farahani et al.2020). Essential oils of higher plants, a complex mixture of monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes (C15), are volatile in nature (Regnault-Roger 2013). These eco-friendly biopesticides appear to be an alternative or complementary tool to synthetic pesticides in the integrated management of pests (Regnault-Roger et al.2012, El-Bakry et al.2016, Lin et al.2020). Essential oil-based insecticides have the advantage of decreasing the detrimental impacts of chemicals on the environment and humans and also increasing crop yield and productivity (Koul et al.2008, Campolo et al.2018). Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) and Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. (Lamiaceae) are the aromatic herbaceous species that have been used as traditional medicine (Kordali et al.2006, Badal et al.2019). These species and their constituents are reported to reduce the risk of human diseases and used as natural pesticides from ancient times (Meriga et al.2012, Borzoui et al.2016).