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Protecting Human Health in a Green Energy Context: Regulatory Scenarios between International and EU Law
Published in Stefania Negri, Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
As regards the second profile, the relationship between health and energy is compromised when referring to the use of wood biomass, especially for domestic use. Indeed, recent studies show that these sources have an extremely detrimental effect on human health.
Ecological and Biomass Assessment of Vegetation Cover of a University Campus
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Kakoli Banerjee, Gobinda Bal, Gopal Raj Khemendu, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Gopa Mishra, Chitrangada Debsarma, Rakesh Paul
Biomass is a major source of energy for nearly 50% of world’s population (Karekezi and Kithyoma, 2006) and wood biomass is a major renewable energy source in developing world, representing a significant proportion of rural energy supply (Hashiramoto, 2007). Forest biomass is an important source of food, fodder, and fuel, and its exploitation leads to forest degradation (Rawat and Nautiyal, 1988). As per the records of Forest Survey of India (FSI, 2003), the area under forest was 102.68 m ha in 1880, which has been reduced to 67.83 m ha in 2003. Since 2003, carbon stocks in Indian forests are continuously decreasing. The data reveals that in India, forests are under excessive anthropogenic pressures (Rai and Chakrabarti, 2001). It is an established fact that the tree biomass is a function of tree density, height and basal area at any given location. These parameters contribute to the aboveground biomass which differs with site, habitat, forest succession stage, the composition of the forest, species variability and varying tree density, etc. (Brunig, 1983; Joshi and Ghose, 2014; Whitmore, 1984). Variation in biomass at various sites can be attributed to some internal and external factors, such as the type of forest, site-to-site variations, disturbances, total annual rainfall and geographical location of the forests (Terakunpisut et al., 2007).
Wastewater Phycoremediation by Microalgae for Sustainable Bioproduct Production
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Najeeha Mohd. Apandi, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Amir Hashim Mohd. Kassim
The use of microalgae has been commercialized in wastewater treatment applications. Mass production of strains such as Scenedesmus almeriesnsis, Botrycoccu ssp, Chlorella sp. and Dundiella sp. are being used for animal feeds, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, aquaculture and pollution control (Darmaki et al. 2012; Vizcaino et al. 2014; Gani et al. 2017). Moreover, biomass yield can be used as food supplements, bioenergy resources, pharmaceutical products and so on (Gani et al. 2017; Spolaore et al. 2006). The current chapter aims to summarize research studies available on the potential uses of microalgae biomass produced from the phycoremediation of wastewater.
Bioprospecting of aqueous phase from pyrolysis of plant waste residues to disrupt MRSA biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Srividhya Krishnan, Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman, Sowndarya Jothipandiyan, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Nithyanand Paramasivam
India, being the second most populous country behind China, generates large amounts of agricultural crop residues (about 500 million metric tons) every year (Bhuvaneshwari et al. 2019). Wheat straw (WS) (Triticum spp.) is an agricultural by-product during wheat cultivation. It was estimated that for every 1 kiloton of wheat produced about 0.85 kiloton of dry stalks were obtained (Zhang et al. 2022) which can be converted to energy via combustion or gasification process. Along with stubble burning, forest residues were also burnt for energy purposes in rural India. This releases major pollutants like sulphur oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and many particulate volatile organic matters (Singh and Dey 2021). Pine cone (Casuarina equisetifolia) is a widely spread forest biomass available globally which can be used for energy or value-added applications. This type of woody biomass was explored for its potential in bioenergy applications via thermochemical conversion process.
Household use of biomass fuel, especially traditional stove is associated with childhood wheeze and eczema: a cross sectional study of rural communities in Kandy, Sri Lanka
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Olivia Lall, Gayan Bowatte, Samath Dharmaratne, Adrian J. Lowe, Alicia Vakalopoulos, Isabella Ambrose, Pasan Jayasinghe, Duminda Yasaratne, Jane Heyworth, Shyamali C. Dharmage
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4.3 million people die prematurely each year from household air pollution produced by inefficient cookstoves fueled by biomass, coal and kerosene (1). Children are particularly vulnerable to biomass fuel as their lungs and immune system are still developing (2). Evidence suggests that early life exposure to biomass fuel can consequently affect respiratory health outcomes in children, both in the short term and long term (3). As the use of biomass fuel is a modifiable risk factor, decreasing the use of biomass fuels, is likely to decrease the negative health consequences associated with their use. A recent systematic review revealed that exposure to solid fuel is associated with asthma and wheeze in children (4). However, evidence for the link between biomass fuel and allergic disease outcomes in children in LMICs is limited.
Probing the correlation between corrosion resistance and biofouling of thermally sprayed metallic substrata in the field
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Pedro A. Vinagre, Johan B. Lindén, Enara Mardaras, Emiliano Pinori, Johan Svenson
While geographical variations were expected to yield significant differences in the overall biofouling pressure and community composition (Vinagre et al. 2020), the difference in colonisation of the differently coated panels at each site was less obvious. As such, no obvious clear differences between the materials were observed at either site, with the Br panels being more heavily fouled at the Almagreira site and the Al panels generally registering most organisms at BiMEP. To investigate the potential settlement preference on the different materials in more detail, the data were analysed employing PERMANOVA and nMDS analysis to the main parameters, viz. thickness, total biomass, biofouler biomass and biofouler density. As illustrated in Figure 10 (only the Almagreira site is shown), a wide spread in data is seen, with pseudo-F and p values ranging between 0.262–0.959 and 0.475–0.917, respectively, for the different parameters, illustrating no statistical differences between the different coatings.