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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
In recent years there has been an increasing use of plant oils for production of biofuels and chemical feedstocks. Biodiesel is already a major fuel derived from plant oils such as rapeseed, sunflower, or palm (274–275). There are also numerous uses and applications of plant oils for plant-derived industrial feedstocks such as the fabrication of detergent, soap, cosmetic, toothpaste, pharmaceutical, food, lubricant, and so on (274–275).
Biodiesel Production from Microalgal Biomass
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Srijoni Banerjee, Debabrata Das
Biodiesel is produced by transesterification process, where triglycerides are transformed into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in presence of a monohydroxy alcohol, such as methanol and a catalyst (alkali, acid, enzyme, nanoparticle) with glycerol as a byproduct (Hoydonckx et al. 2004). The transesterification reaction is represented by the general equation as given in Figure 5.4, where R1, R2 and R3 are long hydrocarbon chains.
Global mismanagement of food resources
Published in Théodore H MacDonald, Removing the Barriers to Global Health Equity, 2018
And finally there is the issue of vegetable oils. Soya and palm oils are a major source of calories in Asia. But flooding in Malaysia and a drought in Indonesia has limited supplies. In addition, these oils are now being sought as biodiesel, which is used as a direct substitute for diesel in many countries, including Australia. The impact has been all too familiar: an alarming drop in supplies for the people of the Third World as prices of this basic commodity have soared.
Effects of selenium supplementation on lung oxidative stress after exposure to exhaust emissions from pyrolysis oil, biodiesel and diesel
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Youssef B. Fawaz, Joseph M. Matta, Mohamed E. Moustafa
Biodiesel was obtained from Bio Diesel Company in Lebanon. As for the automotive diesel, it was purchased from a local Lebanese gas station and pyrolysis oil was provided by Green Equitech Company, Lebanon. The pyrolysis oil was produced by thermal treatment of the MSW, it was then blended with diesel to the concentration of 20% (P20) as the biodiesel (Alleman et al. 2016). The exhaust emissions were generated by using diesel engine SU170F/FE (Fuzhou Suntom Power Machinery Company, Fuzhou, China). The engine was operated at 2000 rpm and at 55% regular operation load with the three types of fuels. It was equipped with stock exhaust system (muffler and catalyst) (Mehus et al. 2015). The exposure chamber was made of glass and wood with dimensions of 1.0 × 0.5 × 0.5 m3. The chamber was divided into two compartments by window wire mesh for the exposure of two groups of mice to the exhaust emission. Animals were exposed to the exhaust emission generated from the diesel engine for 1 hour/day over a period of three consecutive days.
Gene expression changes in rat brain regions after 7- and 28 days inhalation exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels - The FuelHealth project
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Renate Valand, Pål Magnusson, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska, Malgorzata Gajewska, Jacek Wilczak, Michał Oczkowski, Dariusz Kamola, Tomasz Królikowski, Marcin Kruszewski, Anna Lankoff, Remigiusz Mruk, Dag Marcus Eide, Rafał Sapierzyński, Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Nur Duale, Johan Øvrevik, Oddvar Myhre
Global burden of disease estimates indicate that PM affects more people than any other pollutant (Cohen et al., 2017). Thus, the expected increase in future use of biodiesel emphasizes the critical need to understand the health effects of biodiesel combustion. Traditionally associated with increased risk of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases (Brook, 2008; Brook et al., 2004; Kelly and Fussell, 2011; Newby et al., 2015; Schwarze et al., 2006), accumulating evidence from both human and animal studies suggest that traffic-related air pollution also targets the brain, and may lead to diseases such as dementia (Chen et al., 2017; Oudin et al., 2016; Power et al., 2016; Tzivian et al., 2016), depression (Lim et al., 2012), impaired cognitive abilities and may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Myhre et al., 2018) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Costa et al., 2017), although the latter is disputed by others (Yang et al., 2017). Even though associations are found between traffic-related air pollution exposure and neurological disorders in epidemiological studies, the cellular mechanisms to support causalities are poorly understood (Costa et al., 2017).
Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Annona squamosa L. Seeds for Determination of Bioactives, Fatty Acid/Fatty Oil Composition, and Antioxidant Activity
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Mohammad Zahid, Muhammad Arif, Md. Akhlaquer Rahman, Kuldeep Singh, Mohd Mujahid
The chemical composition of the fatty oil was determined by analyzing methyl esters of its fatty oil using GC-MS. A total of eleven fatty acids, constituting 99.9% of the oil, were identified (Table 3, Figure 3). The main fatty acids identified were oleic acid (41.9%), linoleic acid (26.6%), palmitic acid (14.7%), and stearic acid (11.3%). Analysis also showed that the oil contains a lesser amount of heneicosanoic acid (3.2%), eicosanoic acid (1.5%), margaric acid (0.2%), 11-eicosanoic acid (0.2%), and dihydrostereculic acid (0.1%). 17-Methyloctadecanoic acid (0.1%) and palmitoleic acid (0.1%) were identified in minor amounts. A high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (∼ 68.5%) was found in the oil, which was 41.9% oleic acid and 26.6% linoleic acid. Stearic acid (11.3%) and palmitic acid (14.7%) were also analyzed in the oil as the main saturated fatty acids and constitute about 26% of the oil. Due to the presence of a high amount of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid), the seed oil of A. squamosa has the potential to improve the fuel property of biodiesel (Knothe, 2005). Fatty oils of Jatropha curcas oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil contain 47.7%, 41.9%, 23.3%, 19.60%, 17.2%, and 5.8% oleic acid, respectively, and are reported to be useful in the production of biodiesel. When fatty oil composition of the seed oil of A. squamosa was compared with the fatty oil compositions of various edible oils, it was found that the seed oil of A. squamosa could be useful for the production of biodiesel (Agarwal et al., 2003; Chowdhury et al., 2007; Kowalski, 2007).