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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Components of implants are getting the direct interaction or contact with the human body. Therefore, the safety level of these materials used in biomedical applications is very high. It must be non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible and meet the specifications given in the standards. Three basic properties are required of any biocompatible materials. They are superhydrophobicity, adhesion, and self-healing. These properties make it fit for biomedical applications. To meet all the requirements a large number of research works are going in order to develop materials satisfying all requirements.
Outcomes of Nonsurgical Retreatment and Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Studies that have made direct comparisons among root-end filling materials have consistently shown that modern materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) offer more favourable clinical outcomes when compared with amalgam.15 Three-quarters of articles in this systematic review, however, reported the use of amalgam as a root-end filling material. A meta-analysis of root-end filling materials by Fernandez-Yanez et al.16 reported that amalgam is associated with the lowest success rate compared with intermediate restorative material (IRM), super ethoxybenzoic acid cement (Super-EBA), and MTA. They also noted that MTA was the most biocompatible material studied and offers the best physical properties in vitro.
Recent Developments in Bioresponsive Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Drashti Pathak, Deepa H. Patel
In bio-responsive drug delivery, the treatment efficacy of therapeutics is directly related to the administration method [8–11] which requires the development of advanced materials to achieve precision drug release (BOX 1). The improvement of medical diagnostics demands non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches based on stimuli-responsive materials that allow for real-time monitoring. The growing desire for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine leads to urgent needs for matrices endowed with the ability to communicate and interact with cells. While in the development of medical devices, the incorporation of high-performance biocompatible materials is crucial for improving the antibacterial and anti-inflammation capability and preventing the formation of biofilms.
Niosomal formulation for antibacterial applications
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Mehrnoush Mehrarya, Behnaz Gharehchelou, Samin Haghighi Poodeh, Elham Jamshidifar, Sara Karimifard, Bahareh Farasati Far, Iman Akbarzadeh, Alexander Seifalian
Nanoscience is amalgamated to various medical fields research also revolutionised dental science. Implantation in dentistry, which is used worldwide to treat various edentulous, is placing a metal post that replaced the root section of a missing tooth [24]. Dental implants are typically made of a biocompatible material such as titanium. Despite that using dental implants is predicted to have a high success level; failures occur. Biomaterial-associated infection, which is prone to infections, has not been well examined, and it is a pressing problem. Implant-related chronic infections are caused by groups of specific microorganisms that can grow on the surface of implants as biofilms. Furthermore, when inappropriately treated, implant-associated infections have caused serious problems, such as implant loosening and implant removal, leading to bone loss in and around the implant and, in some cases, morbidity and mortality [91].
Finite element analysis of fixed bone plates over fractured femur model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Harbhajan Ahirwar, Vijay Kumar Gupta, Himansu Sekhar Nanda
Double curved plate fixation (the fixation of the two bone plates at adjacent sides of a long bone) to a fractured femur bone is hypothesized in this research. The assembly was hypothesized to provide mechanical stability at the fracture site and bone–bioimplant interface (Eberle et al. 2010). This would enable the generation of lower stress–strain values at the contact points of the bone–bioimplant interface, while compared to that of a single plate fixed to the same fracture model (Figure SI.4 and Table SI.3). However, as a limitation, it would be expected that the assembly might be bulkier to prevent a patient to carry such a higher load during the regular movement procedure. But the later limitations would be avoided using the development of lightweight and high strength biocompatible materials via novel materials processing strategies, which is beyond the scope of this current research. To verify the proposed hypothesis for double plate assembly to the fracture models, the bone plates from three well-established metallic biomaterials such as SS 316L, Ti-6Al-4V, and Co-Cr were designed using SOLID Works and fixed to the tailor-made fracture models (oblique and transverse fractures). The anisotropic or FGM properties of the human femur were well-considered and the results were compared with the analysis results with an isotropic femur bone.
Differential anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan-based cryogel scaffolds depending on chitosan/gelatin ratio
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Furkan Ayaz, Didem Demir, Nimet Bölgen
Besides all these, the immunomodulatory roles of chitosan-based scaffolds prepared with different proportions of gelatine have not been demonstrated before [8]. Since the immune response is one of the most important problems encountered, especially in implanting biomaterial scaffolds, it is important to decipher these materials' effects on the immune cells. Medical devices and tissue-engineered constructs may induce an inflammatory reaction, termed foreign body reaction (FBR), after their in vivo implantation. Moreover, some of the materials have a slow decay process which can also alter the function of the immune cells. In most cases, steroids or non-steroid-based anti-inflammatory drugs are given to patients who have gone through implant procedures. Therefore, having biocompatible materials that can suppress the inflammatory reactions might become advantageous in this sense and may prevent excessive usage of anti-inflammatory drug molecules [9–12].