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Risk factors – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Smoking is a chronic dependence disorder with a high relapse rate. It interacts with obstructive airway disease to increase the disease burden. The illness burden from smoking and asthma can be assessed by measuring smoking-related disability-adjusted life years, termed DALYS. The unit, one DALY, represents a measure of overall disease burden and is expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. The burden from smoking-related DALYS for asthma is high and is estimated to account for 9.3% of the cumulative 22.8 million DALYS caused by asthma globally.
Prevalence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost are measurements of years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death, plus years lost to severe disability (YLD). The formula for DALYs is:
Introduction to disability
Published in Ramar Sabapathi Vinayagam, Integrated Evaluation of Disability, 2019
In an ideal situation, standard life expectancy at birth is set at 80 years for men and 82.5 for women when a person lives up to the age of standard life with perfect good health. A combined loss of years of life (YLL) due to premature death and years lost because of a disability (YLD) represent Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) (22). The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 compared DALY, YLDs, YLLs, and the percentage of death for various diseases and injuries (23).
Evaluating the impact of early vs delayed ofatumumab initiation and estimating the long-term outcomes of ofatumumab vs teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients in Spain
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2023
Umakanth Vudumula, Mausam Patidar, Kapil Gudala, Elizabeth Karpf, Nicholas Adlard
Clinical outcomes, including the distribution of MS patients in the different EDSS states, the proportion of wheelchair and bedridden patients (EDSS ≥ 7), the number of relapses, and the number of DALYs, were estimated. DALY was calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLD). Societal outcomes that were reported included productivity measure (% employed and % retired early) and informal care days per annum. Economic outcomes included direct, relapse, and indirect costs. Direct costs comprised healthcare costs (disease management, drug administration and monitoring, AE management, and non-medical) and excluded DMT acquisition costs. The drug acquisition costs were not considered in the model because the net drug acquisition cost of any drug (in this case ofatumumab and teriflunomide) is confidential in Spain. Relapse costs were those associated with the management of relapse events. Indirect costs referred to costs due to productivity losses incurred by patients and caregivers. All cost estimates were reported in 2020 euros using the Spanish consumer price index data41.
Global, regional and national burden of orofacial clefts from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Dawei Wang, Boyu Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yiping Wu
The annual number of incident cases, death and DALYs were obtained from the website. Introduced by the World Bank and the WHO, the DALY is increasingly used for assessing the disease burden on individual health status [26,27]. DALY is a summary measure of the years lived with disability and the years of life lost. DALY is a positive value, with larger values reflecting more severe loss of healthy life caused by the disease. The age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, death, and DALYs were calculated to describe the disease burden. The ASR indicates the number of incident cases, death or DALYs per 100,000 population with adjusted for population age differences [28]. ASR values scaled from 0 to 100,000, with larger values indicating higher morbidity, mortality or DALY rates. The associations between the SDI and ASR were calculated using Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Disability, a priority area for health research in South Africa: an analysis of the burden of disease study 2017
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Bradley Carpenter, Makandwe Nyirenda, Jill Hanass-Hancock
The data from the GBD studies can also be used to compute indicators such as Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) for a diverse set of diseases. YLLs and YLDs are then used to determine Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), an indicator that can be thought of as one lost year of “healthy life without functional limitations” [8]. In order to calculate YLD, the GBD study uses specific disability weights per health condition (as different health conditions cause different severities of disablement). The disability weights have been developed by the GBD study team who allocated numerical weights estimating the non-fatal consequences of health conditions (from 0, perfect health, to 1, equivalent to dead) [5,22,23]. The full methodology and weighting procedure has been discussed in other published articles [22,23]. The general methods used in the GBD studies are described in detail elsewhere [3,5,7].