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Lung Consilidation, Ground Glass Shadowing, Obstructive Emphysema, Collateral Air-draft, Mucocoeles, patterns of Collapse, Lung Torsion and Herniation.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Two reviews by Felson (1987) and Moser and Proto (1987) drew attention to over 20 cases. Serious torsion can cause interruption to the venous drainage, arterial supply and/or bronchus of an affected lobe or lung, and if missed and untreated can cause serious morbidity or mortality. The reported cases have included, twisting of the lingula to occupy the left lung apex in a newborn infant, twisting of an accessory LUL, 180% torsion of a RML in association with a large congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the RUL with pneumonia, collapse secondary to an endobronchial adenoma, or occurring with a spontaneous pneumothorax. Three of Felson's cases had torsion of a lobe secondary to a tumour mass in two of these tumour masses had moved on subsequent radiographs and thus suggested the condition. In another, old calcified scars moved and demonstrated the twist.
Introduction to the clinical stations
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
There is a bimodal distribution of incidence primarily affecting neonates and adolescents. Testicular torsion can be classified as intra-vaginal, extra-vaginal and secondary to a long mesorchium. Intra-vaginal torsion is the most common type, resulting from an abnormally high attachment of the tunica vaginalis to the spermatic cord. This permits movement of the testicle in a rotational manner with a risk of torsion. Extra-vaginal torsion is a rarer cause, occurring due to testicle descent with twisting around the spermatic cord. The mesorchium is a band of connective tissue that attaches the epididymus to the posterolateral testis wall. A long mesorchium may allow rotational movement of the testis, which may again permit torsion.
Ovarian cyst and tumors
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Bryan J. Dicken, Deborah F. Billmire
Follicular cysts may be asymptomatic or present with pain due to large size, hemorrhage, or torsion. Most simple cysts will resolve spontaneously within three or four menstrual cycles. Indications for surgical intervention include persistent symptoms, pain, or evidence of torsion. As with neonatal non-neoplastic cysts, emphasis should be placed on ovarian parenchyma-preserving procedures.
The effect of medical ozone therapy in addition to ovarian detorsion in ischemia reperfusion model
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Sema Süzen Çaypınar, Sema Karakaş, Cihan Kaya, Damlanur Sakız, Salim Sezer, Murat Ekin
Adnexal torsion is a common gynecological emergency in reproductive-age women, with a reported incidence of 2.7% (Hibbard 1985). Torsion of the adnexal structures can result in massive parenchymal congestion, infarcts, and haemorrhagic necrosis after arterial and venous blockade (Vijayalakshmi et al. 2014). The diagnosis of ovarian torsion could be obscure due to non-specific symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Nevertheless, the early diagnosis is essential since it may cause detrimental effects on ovarian reserve (Bayer and Wiskind 1994). The recommended management is the detorsion of the adnexal pedicle in patients with fertility desire (Kaya et al. 2014). However, detorsion alone may increase the risk of thrombosis, infection, and leaving an undiagnosed malignancy (te Velde et al. 1998; Ozler et al. 2013).
The Nuts and Bolts of Ocular Torsion
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
The term ocular torsion is a misnomer. The words tort and torsion share a Latin root torquere which means “to twist.” Torsion is technically defined as “a twisting or wrenching of the body by the exertion of forces tending to turn one end or part around its longitudinal axis while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.”1 This terminology has found application across the English language (contort, distort, extort, retort, torture, tortuous, tort law). Torque is a physical force that generates torsion (and other ocular rotations) via extraocular muscle contraction. With respect to the eyes, torsion refers to a twisting rotation around the visual axis (variously labeled with different symbols for different coordinate systems).2 However, the torque generated by extraocular muscles can never produce the differential twisting of one part of the eye relative to another that the term torsion denotes.
Adnexal torsion: from benign to malignant adnexal masses in a tertiary centre in Northern India
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Anjali Tempe, Tanuja Muthyala, Kaarthiga R. Gopinath, Pushpa Mishra, Niharika Dhiman
Ovarian torsion is a rare gynaecological emergency (prevalence of 2.5−7.4%) in patients undergoing emergency surgery for acute pelvic pain. It is often diagnosed by the presentation of sudden onset of lower abdominal pain with a palpable mass (Swenson et al. 2014). It occurs when an ovarian cyst or mass presents and rotates both the infundibulopelvic ligament and the ovarian ligament. Suspicion of malignancy should arise if the tumour is above 5 cm in diameter (Pansky et al. 2007; Oltmann et al. 2009). Torsion can also occur in normal ovaries, particularly in premenarchal girls, probably because they have elongated infundibulopelvic ligaments (Çelik et al. 2005). About 10% − 22% of ovarian torsion occurs in pregnancy (Ding and Chang 2016). The incidence is higher at 10 − 17 weeks of gestation with ovarian masses larger than 4 cm. The primary risk in an ovarian torsion is the size of the ovarian mass. Even with bilateral cysts, torsion usually occurs on the right side as mobility of left ovary is limited by the sigmoid colon (Çelik et al. 2005). It is more likely to occur with a benign tumour than in malignancy.