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Medical Management of Thyroid Disorders
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Himanshu Patil, Shailesh Pitale
Loss of functional thyroid tissue Chronic autoimmune thyroiditisReversible autoimmune hypothyroidismSurgery and irradiationInfiltrative and infectious diseasesSub-acute thyroiditisThyroid dysgenesis
Endocrinology, growth and puberty
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
NB: Thyroid dysgenesis and ectopic thyroid can present later, as acquired. Deceleration of growthDelayed ossificationSkin and hair – dry skin, lateral third eyebrow missing, hair dry and thinCold intoleranceLow energy levelsConstipationProximal myopathy, ataxia, slow reflexesMental slowness at school often occurs lateHeadaches, precocious puberty and galactorrhoea (seen in secondary and tertiary disease)
Endocrinology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Mehul Dattani, Catherine Peters
World-wide, iodine deficiency is the commonest cause of hypothyroidism. Causes of acquired hypothyroidism include goitrogenic agents, thyroid dysgenesis, autoimmune thyroiditis, pituitary TSH deficiency (e.g. postcranial irradiation and craniopharyngioma), endemic iodine deficiency and cystinosis. Chromosomal disorders (i.e. Turner, Down and Klinefelter syndromes) are associated with an increased incidence of hypothyroidism, which is probably autoimmune in origin.
A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Congenital hypothyroidism can be permanent or transient depending on the etiology and duration of hypothyroidism.1,2 Anatomical abnormalities in thyroid gland development or hormone synthesis cause most cases of CH. Despite advances in genetic analysis, the etiology underlying thyroid dysgenesis remains elusive.1,2 However, several mutations in genes encoding thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and the sodium-iodide symporter are associated with CH.1,2 As shown in Table 1, there are five primary types of congenital hypothyroidism: thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid dyshormonogenesis, TSH receptor insensitivity, central CH, and transient CH.