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Hypothyroidism
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
The incidence of iodine-deficient congenital hypothyroidism is 1/4000 births, 5% identified at birth by clinical symptoms, others by newborn screening. The United States screens all newborns. If discovered and treated in the first few weeks of life, near-normal growth and intelligence are expected [44, 45]. The majority of cases are due to agenesis/dysgenesis of fetal thyroid, dyshormonogenesis, or iodine deficiency. Fetuses are protected in utero by small quantity of maternal T4 that crosses placenta. Neonatal issues include neuropsychological abnormalities, deafness, respiratory difficulties, growth failure, lethargy, and hypotonia and myxedema of the larynx and epiglottis.
Test Paper 4
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
What is the most likely cause for the congenital hypothyroidism? Thyroid hypoplasiaHypothalamic dysfunctionThyroid dyshormonogenesisMaternal antibody-induced hypothyroidismHypopituitarism
A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Congenital hypothyroidism can be permanent or transient depending on the etiology and duration of hypothyroidism.1,2 Anatomical abnormalities in thyroid gland development or hormone synthesis cause most cases of CH. Despite advances in genetic analysis, the etiology underlying thyroid dysgenesis remains elusive.1,2 However, several mutations in genes encoding thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and the sodium-iodide symporter are associated with CH.1,2 As shown in Table 1, there are five primary types of congenital hypothyroidism: thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid dyshormonogenesis, TSH receptor insensitivity, central CH, and transient CH.