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Fibroblast and Immune Cell Cross Talk in Cardiac Repair
Published in Shyam S. Bansal, Immune Cells, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022
Stelios Psarras, Georgina Xanthou
Fibroblast heterogeneity does not only arise post-injury. Early during the postnatal period, two distinct lineages were identified in the mouse that differentially affect cardiac homeostasis: (1) the highly proliferative periostin-positive (Postn+) lineage that transiently populates the heart and promotes neuronal development and cardiomyocyte maturation, and (2) the transcription factor-21-expressing (Tcf21) fibro-blasts that specialize in extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation and promote immune cell cross talk (28). In the adult heart, overexpression of Postn, Cthrc1, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (Ckap4), and other gene products marks activated fibroblasts that contribute to cardiac repair and pathophysiology (26).
Novel therapeutic perspectives for crescentic glomerulonephritis through targeting parietal epithelial cell activation and proliferation
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Yanjie Huang, Xueru Zhao, Qiushuang Zhang, Xiaoqing Yang, Gailing Hou, Chaoqun Peng, Mengzhen Jia, Li Zhou, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Jian Zheng
In addition, other studies have focused on regulators of PECs differentiation into podocyte-like cells. In 2021, Kliewe et al. found that podocytes expressed high levels of Tcf21 (also named Pod1) in vivo in contrast to podocytes and PECs cultured in vitro by gene array analysis. Because Tcf21 could induce incomplete mitosis, the expression levels of cyclins, such as D1 and D2, were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that cyclin D1 expression was reduced, whereas cyclin D2 expression was increased in Tcf21-over-expression PECs. Moreover, it was demonstrated that Tcf21 inhibited the expression of PEC-specific markers and the transcription factor, YY1, and induced multilobulation, budding, and micronucleus formation, suggesting that Tcf21 might be important for PEC differentiation into podocyte-like cells [95].
Genetic background of coronary artery disease: clinical implications and perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2020
Massimiliano Camilli, Giulia Iannaccone, Marco G. Del Buono, Filippo Crea, Nadia Aspromonte
The TCF21 gene codes for a transcription factor implicated in vascular development. Tcf21 is highly expressed in the pro-epicardial organ (a region of splanchnopleural mesoderm from with origins the epicardium), which contains progenitor cells of coronary artery smooth muscle and cardiac fibroblasts and plays a role in fibroblasts migration from the epicardium to the cardiac interstitium [29,30]. In fact, cells expressing Tcf21 have been proved to migrate into the atherosclerotic plaques and to contribute to fibrotic cap formation [26]. TCF21 effect seems to be coronary-specific, as it has not been related to increased risk for ischemic stroke [27].