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Congenital neck lumps
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Complete failure of descent of the developing thyroid results in ectopic thyroid tissue in a mass at the base of tongue, known as a lingual thyroid. This thyroid tissue is typically the only functioning thyroid tissue. Whilst the mass may enlarge, causing compressive symptoms and swallowing difficulties, most patients are asymptomatic and this can be managed conservatively in the majority of cases.
Applications of Radioisotopes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Chandrasekhar Bal, Meghana Prabhu, Dhritiman Chakraborty, K. Sreenivasa Reddy, Saurabh Arora
Ectopic thyroid: Embryologically, the thyroglossal duct extends from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the thyroid. Lingual or upper cervical thyroid tissue can present in the neonate or child as a midline mass, often accompanied by hypothyroidism. Ectopic thyroid tissue may occur in the mediastinum or even in the pelvis (struma ovarii). The typical appearance of a lingual thyroid is a focal or nodular accumulation at the base of the tongue and absence of tracer uptake in the expected cervical location. Lateral thyroid rests may be hypofunctional, functional, hyperfunctional, or be the focus of thyroid cancer. Ectopic thyroid tissue should be considered metastatic until proved otherwise (Figure 21.2a–d). Anterior and lateral views show the single focus of increased tracer uptake in the superior aspect of the neck with no evidence of tracer uptake in thyroid bed—suggestive of ectopic thyroid tissue, likely lingual thyroid.
The endocrine system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Several embryological anomalies can occur in the adult affecting the thyroid gland. Thyroid descent abnormalities can produce a lingual thyroid. Persistence of the thyroglossal duct, can occur (Figure 18.21) and rarely ‘thyroid’ tumours can develop here. Primary or secondary amyloidosis can be seen.
Exstirpation of symptomatic lingual thyroid with transoral robotic surgery (TORS): A promising novel treatment option
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2022
Jonas Bruneau, Charbél Talani, Johan S. Nilsson
The thyroid gland originates from the pharyngeal pouches that later form the base of the tongue and migrates caudally during the fifth to seventh week of gestation. Migration failure during the embryological descent leads to an ectopic thyroid. It may arise anywhere along the midline of the neck but is most frequently found in the base of the tongue, i.e. a lingual thyroid (LT) [1]. Ectopic thyroid is a rare entity with a prevalence suggested to be around 1/100,000, but numbers are uncertain [2] and presumably due to definition. This is emphasised in that Santangello et al. [3] recently reported ectopic thyroid tissue in as many as 0.9% of cases in a large thyroidectomy material, and also in that microscopic congregations of thyroid tissue is encountered in 10% of normal tongue base tissue [4]. Parathyroid tissue, with its separate embryologic origin, may also be ectopic, but is not encountered in the base of the tongue [5].