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Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Today, steroid abuse is widespread, especially among adolescents. Roughly 0.6% to 1.1% of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders have taken anabolic steroids at least once in their lives. In addition, lifetime steroid use among 10th- and 12th-graders slightly decreased from 2016 to 2017. Significant reductions have been noted since 2001 for lifetime and past-year use among all grades, as well as for past-month use among 8th- and 10th-graders. However, changes in drug misuse have relatively insignificant since 2014 (NIDA, 2017).
Anabolic steroids, amyl and butyl nitrite, hypno-sedatives, volatile substances, over-the-counter drugs, smart and eco drugs
Published in G. Hussein Rassool, Alcohol and Drug Misuse, 2017
Anabolic steroids do not have the same short-term effects on the brain pathways and chemicals as compared to other drugs. It is stated that “the most important difference is that steroids do not trigger rapid increases in the brain chemical dopamine, which causes the ‘high’ that drives people to abuse other substances” (NIDA 2016). There is evidence to suggest that “the use of anabolic steroids can cause considerably long-lasting changes in the user’s brain neurotransmitter pathways. It is the decreased serotonin levels in the brain that relate to the aggressive and uncontrolled behaviour of both humans and animals” (Kailanto, n.d.). However, long-term steroid abuse can act on the neurochemical transmitter of dopamine, serotonin and opioid systems – resulting in a significant effect on mood and behaviour (NIDA 2016).
Bones and muscles
Published in Lisa Jean Moore, Monica J. Casper, The Body, 2014
Lisa Jean Moore, Monica J. Casper
Steroid abuse can lead to serious, even irreversible health problems: liver damage, jaundice (yellowish pigmentation of skin, tissues, and body fluids), fluid retention, high blood pressure, increases in LDL (bad cholesterol), and decreases in HDL (good cholesterol). Steroids are also linked to behavior changes including increased irritability and aggression. Ironically, among the possible consequences for men of steroid abuse are feminizing physiological changes such as the shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, hair loss, and development of breasts.
Pre-bout hypertension in the combat sports athlete: clearance recommendations
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Kevin deWeber, Ken S Ota, Cicely Dye
Pre-bout hypertension may also be a sign of drug, exogenous hormone, and/or supplement use. Many prescription medications and illicit drugs can cause elevated BP; common culprits are listed in Table 2. Illicit drug users have a 6.5-times increased risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke; cocaine, amphetamines, Ecstasy, ephedrine, phencyclidine, and LSD are known culprits [24]. Hemorrhagic strokes have also been reported after the use of pre-workout supplements [25–27]. Cocaine use can cause sudden cardiac death, life-threatening arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia and infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and acute myocarditis [28]. Amphetamines can cause myocardial infarction [29], and energy drinks have been linked to myocardial ischemia [30]. Androgenic anabolic steroid abuse has been linked to arterial hypertension, accelerated progression of coronary artery disease, and increased risk of myocardial infarction [31]. Participating in combat sports, with its vigorous high-static/high-dynamic exercise and repeated head trauma, while these substances are in the body may compound the risk of significant adverse events.
Testosterone and aging male, a perspective from a developing country
Published in The Aging Male, 2023
Bac Nguyen Hoai, Long Hoang, Thang Nguyen Cao, Quan Pham Minh, Emmanuele A. Jannini
Illicit use of testosterone and anabolic steroids for nonmedical purposes has also been a threat to public health. This practice is not limited to competitive athletes and is also common among bodybuilders [211]. However, previous studies have demonstrated that Asia has a significantly lower rate of doping prevalence than Europe or Oceania [212]. Similarly, anabolic steroid abuse appears to be rare among Asian men compared with men from Western societies [213]. It is possible that Western men emphasize muscularity as the definition of “masculinity” [214], while Asian men place less value in body image [213,215]. Nevertheless, further studies are required to monitor the trend and the prevalence of anabolic steroid abuse, especially in Asia.
Social media’s impact on widespread SARMs abuse
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Henrik A. Hahamyan, Nikhil Vasireddi, James E. Voos, Jacob G. Calcei
Given the novelty of SARMs, there are no established evidence-based steps to treat patients undergoing SARMs abuse. However, since SARMs, like steroids, are androgen receptor agonists, they may cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms when stopped warranting referral to psychiatrists or addiction counseling services. Typical steroid abuse withdrawal symptoms arise from pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction, which can include fatigue and weight-loss due to suppressed appetite [18]. Endocrine therapy may be needed to treat potential hypogonadism arising from SARMs abuse.