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Gustatory Mechanisms of a Specific Appetite
Published in Robert H. Cagan, Neural Mechanisms in Taste, 2020
In the course of 50 years of research on sodium appetite, many questions have been raised concerning experimental methodology. As previously indicated, not one of the methods of inducing sodium appetite is problem free, but those most widely used at present are the administration of diuretics in combination with dietary sodium deprivation, polyethelene glycol, and the hormones of sodium conservation. Richter’s58 initial demonstration of sodium appetite was obtained from adrenalectomized rats who were given a two-bottle test between water and hypertonic saline. Subsequently, many investigators have used similar methodology involving one-bottle (acceptability) or two-bottle (preference) tests, either short or long in duration. Others have emphasized the importance of studying the appetitive component of this behavior (i.e., salt seeking), in addition to the consummatory behavior of salt ingestion.69,121 They have demonstrated that the methods that induce increased consumption of hypertonic NaCl also induce increased bar pressing in an operant task,69,92,122,123 maze running,121 and shuttle box running95 for previously unpalatable hypertonic saline.
Criteria For Evaluating Physical And Psychic Dependence And Overall Abuse Potential Of Drugs In Man
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
However, a panel of experts (Workshop on Sedatives-Hypnotics, jointly sponsored by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C., 1966)16 agreed that short-term, direct addiction preference tests might be made comparing an unknown drug with a known agent that is abused, such as secobarbital.
Sensory Analysis Applied to Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Regina Lúcia F. de Noronha, Heather A.E. Benson, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva
The paired preference test detects a significant difference between two samples according to consumer’s preference. This is a forced choice test (the consumer must select one preferred sample). Samples should be presented simultaneously, in rank order (orders AB and BA repeated the same number of times). A sample application form of a paired preference test for intimate hygiene soap after a 3-day use of each sample is shown in Figure 24.10 .
Do animal models hold value in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) drug discovery?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Kathryn K. Chadman, Stephanie Fernandes, Elizabeth DiLiberto, Robert Feingold
There are many commonly used tests for social behavior in mice. Direct social interaction can be studied between many types of dyads, male-male interactions, male-female interactions, and mother-pup interactions. Preference for a social stimulus has been modeled in the three chambered social approach test [14], including social place preference test and resident-intruder tests, to name a few [14]. These tests provide a measure of human social behaviors such as sociability, social recognition, social memory and social reward.
Optimisation of umbu juice spray drying, and physicochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation of atomised powder
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Michelle M. B. de Souza, Andrelina M. P. Santos, Attilio Converti, Maria Inês S. Maciel
The multiple comparison preference test was performed using a 7-point structured hedonic scale, ranging from “extremely less preferred than standard (1)” to “extremely more preferred than standard (7)”. Panellists evaluated taste and aroma of both nectars prepared from the selected umbu powders compared with the standard nectar. Samples were served at one time and under red light to mask possible colour differences among nectars and presented in randomised complete blocks.
Cognitive improvements in a rat model with polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA through α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Delgado-Hernández Carlos, Cota-Ramírez Bibiana Roselly, Ugalde Lizárraga Angel, Martínez Ana Laura, Soto Rodriguez Kenya Karina, Cornejo-Bravo Jose Manuel, Chavez Santoscoy Alejandra, Carrillo Cedillo Eugenia Gabriela, Ochoa-Ruíz Estefanía, Serrano-Medina Aracely
The effects of EPA/DHA in improving episodic (non-spatial) short-term memory – which is usually impaired in AD patients – was evaluated by an ORT based on the innate preference of rats to explore a novel object, rather than a familiar one.26 A preference test was initially conducted to indicate that the rats did not prefer one object (e.g. the familiar blue cylinder shape) to another one (e.g. the new brown triangular shape).