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Urethritis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Urethritis is inflammation and swelling of the urethra, the structure that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Pain or burning with urination is the main symptom of urethritis along with increased urinary frequency and/or urgency. The urethral opening is typically red due to inflammation. Urethritis can be caused by bacterial infections (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus or E. coli) and STDs (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, non-gonococcal urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Mycoplasma genitalium) and also by trauma or irritating chemicals (e.g., antiseptics or spermicides). In females, pelvic inflammatory disease and tubo-ovarian abscess are well-known complications. In males, complications such as epididymitis and prostatitis can occur.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit B Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Recognized sequelae of salpingitis include:Ectopic pregnancy.Infertility.Tubo-ovarian abscess.Endometriosis.Superficial thrombophlebitis.
Gynaecology: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
Lack of response or intolerant to oral therapy.If a surgical emergency not excluded.Tubo-ovarian abscess.Clinically severe disease.
Longitudinal change in serum inflammatory markers in women with tubo-ovarian abscess after successful surgical treatment: a retrospective study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Koray Görkem Saçıntı, Yavuz Emre Şükür, Gizem Oruç, Batuhan Özmen, Murat Sönmezer, Bülent Berker, Cem Somer Atabekoğlu, Rusen Aytaç
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is an inflammatory mass that frequently involves the fallopian tube, ovary, and other accompanying organs. Tubo-ovarian abscess complicates 15% of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cases and causes significant morbidity in women of reproductive age (Taylor et al. 1978; Bennett et al. 2002; Sam et al. 2002; Granberg et al. 2009). The classical presentation of TOA includes an adnexal mass accompanied by fever, increased white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, lower abdominal-pelvic pain, and vaginal discharge (Wiesenfeld et al. 2012). Antibiotics are the first-line treatment modality in most cases. However, medical treatment fails in up to 25–30% of cases, which eventually need surgical treatment and drainage (Mirhashemi et al. 1999).
Tuboovarian abscess rupture secondary to hysterosalpingography: a case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ruya Deveer, Berfin Kucukler, Samet Mutlu, Akin Sivaslioglu
Tuboovarian abscess (TOA) is an inflammatory mass involving the fallopian tube, ovary, and, occasionally, other adjacent pelvic organs (Granberg and Gjelland 2009) which frequently originates from pelvic inflammatory disease. The presenting symptoms of women with TOA are similar to those of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), such as acute lower abdominal pain, chills, fever and vaginal discharge (Lareau 2008). A ruptured TOA is defined as the leakage of inflammatory mass into the abdomen. Acute abdomen and signs of sepsis are the presenting symptoms in patients with TOA rupture. Abscess rupture is a serious condition that may prove to be lethal. In case of a rupture, surgical evaluation is recommended. We present a case with a ruptured TOA following hysterosalpingography (HSG) procedure with severe acute abdominopelvic pain and fever, where the patient underwent surgery.
Impact of early surgical management on tubo-ovarian abscesses
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Stephanie Zhu, Emma Ballard, Akram Khalil, David Baartz, Akwasi Amoako, Keisuke Tanaka
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is an inflammatory mass that forms during infection of the adnexa and other adjacent organs and is most commonly a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (Granberg et al. 2009). PID affects one in ten women during their reproductive years (Topcu et al. 2015) and 15–35% of women with proven PID will be diagnosed with a TOA (Munro et al. 2018). The pathophysiology behind TOA formation is thought to be an ascending infection disrupting the fallopian tubal mucosa, leaving it vulnerable to polymicrobial infections by anaerobic, aerobic and facultative organisms (Topcu et al. 2015). Necrosis of the fallopian tube by these pathogens leads to abscess formation, which if it ruptures, can result in peritonitis, sepsis and death (Granberg et al. 2009). When a TOA is associated with severe sepsis, the mortality rate is reported to be as high as 5–10% (Martens 2003).