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Spirometra
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
Sparganosis is a parasitic infection of humans and animals with the larval form of tapeworms from the genus Spirometra. Human infection most often occurs following the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing second intermediate or paratenic hosts, or by the placement of poultices of frog or snake on eyes, wounds, or other regions, or by ingesting water contaminated with procercoid-infected crustaceans. Human sparganosis occurs worldwide, with major endemic areas including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries. More than 1,600 cases have been reported worldwide, including those in China (more than 1,000 cases), Japan (25 cases), Korea (143 cases), Taiwan (23 cases), Thailand (63 cases), the United States (62 cases), and other countries [16]. Most cases of human sparganosis occur following the ingestion of undercooked or raw frog, snake, chicken, pork, or wild boar, or by the application of frog flesh as a poultice, which is particularly common in Asia, while ingestion of contaminated water is a major infection route in women and children.
Water-based disease and microbial growth *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Charles P. Gerba, Gordon L. Nichols
Helminths are parasitic worms that cause disease and illness in humans. Three important water-based helminths are the nematode (or roundworm) Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) which causes dracunculiasis, the trematodes (or flukes) which includes schistosomiasis (Schistosoma spp.) and the cestode (or tapeworm) Spirometra responsible for sparganosis. In Bradley’s original definition, all of these are organisms that are transmitted through water. However, a number of related parasites have an aquatic life cycle but are transmitted through infected food. They are therefore covered separately. All helminths regardless of source can be controlled through proper personal hygiene and sewage disposal practices.
Spinal intradural arachnoid cyst as a complication of insertion of an interspinous device
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Han Gyu Lee, Moo Sung Kang, Young Chul Na, Byung Ho Jin
The patient underwent revision surgery to remove the cyst and decompress the cauda equina. During ISD removal, a small amount of clear fluid flowed out from the contact site between the implant and the dura. However, the fluid did not continue to leak and no clear dural injury was observed. After total laminectomy at L4 and L5, standard midline durotomy was performed. The transparent wall of the cyst was exposed immediately below the dura. Lateral dissection of the cystic wall disclosed another transparent border, which was the true arachnoid membrane around the cauda equine and was distinct from the cystic tumor. The large intradural cystic tumor was resected en-bloc and fenestration of another dorsal cyst caudal to the main cyst was performed. The SAC wall remained intact during the procedure (Figure 5). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was aspirated via the arachnoid membrane for testing of antibodies against parasites, including those causing cysticercosis, sparganosis, paragonimiasis, and clonorchiasis. All of these tested negatively.
Diagnostic and management strategies of ocular cysticercosis: current perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2020
Regarding clinical presentation of ocular cysticercosis, these are important notifications. First, there might be concurrent nonocular symptom if ocular cysticercosis is a part of disseminated cysticercosis of the patient [9,10]. In addition to eye, the patients might have parasitic cysts at other organs such as skin, brain, muscle, thyroid, and lung [9]. The concurrence between ocular cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis might result in a difficult-to-diagnose clinical condition [11]. Papilledema might be the first clinical presentation of neurocysticercosis [12]. Nevertheless, ocular cysticercosis might cause other eye diseases and the patients might firstly present with other ocular disease. For example, cataract, retinal detachment, and glaucoma might be caused by ocular cysticercosis [13,14]. Finally, there are many ocular diseases that might mimic ocular cysticercosis. Examples of those diseases are ocular tumor, ocular sparganosis, and hydatid cyst [13,14].
Imaging of infectious and inflammatory cystic lesions of the brain, a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Hector H Garcia, Otto Rapalino
Paragonimiasis, schistosomiasis, and sparganosis have all been rarely associated with unilocular and complex intraparenchymal cysts with perilesional edema and petechial hemorrhage. There may be an accompanying meningoencephalitis [37–40].