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The Neurologic Disorders in Film
Published in Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
Throughout the world, meningococcal meningitis remains a formidable problem (0.5 cases per 100,000 in the United States, but 10–1,000 per 100,000 in Africa). Meningitis epidemics caused by meningococcal disease are seen in one- to two-thirds of infected persons, with sepsis in 30% of the cases resulting in hypotension and intravascular coagulation (causing petechiae and purpura). Survivors face major disability including hearing loss, seizures, and spasticity. These outbreaks may lead to rapid demise of many children, and outbreaks in the Western world still occur.87 Every outbreak is met with alarm, and therefore, the response is accurately depicted in this film.
Routine maternal immunizations for all pregnant women
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
MCV4 vaccine is recommended for the following persons: Adolescents aged 11 through 18 yearsCollege freshmen living in dormitoriesU.S. military recruitsAnyone traveling to a part of the world where meningococcal disease is commonPersons who have had a surgical splenectomy or have a functional splenectomyPersons with a terminal compliment disorderPersons exposed to meningitis during an outbreak
Neuroinfectious Diseases
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Jeremy D. Young, Jesica A. Herrick, Scott Borgetti
N. meningitidis of serogroups B, C, and Y account for most invasive meningococcal disease in the United States, although the rate of disease has been decreasing in recent years likely due to routine administration of quadrivalent (ACWY) meningococcal conjugate vaccine for adolescents. The incidence of serogroups A, C, W, and Y combined declined 76% among persons aged 11–20 years from 2006–2010 to 2011–2015. From 1996 to 2015, the incidence of meningococcal disease declined among all age groups.4 One group recently recognized to be at increased risk of meningococcal disease is men who have sex with men (MSM), especially if they are HIV-infected.5 In addition, patients with terminal complement deficiencies (C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9) have a notably increased risk of invasive infection with meningococcus.
Meningococcal pericarditis caused by the MenW:cc11 strain in an older adult
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2023
Gaëlle Moerman, D. Verleyen, Ph. Rogiers, J. Hoste, W. Mattheus, K. Floré
This case underlines the extensive variety of clinical manifestations of meningococcal disease, the need for clinical vigilance and the importance of microbiological investigations. In Belgium, as in other European countries, a rise in serogroup W infections has been reported, with isolates predominantly belonging to the South American/UK lineage, more particularly to the ‘2013-strain’ lineage. Several countries have adapted their vaccination programmes to include the quadrivalent MenACWY vaccine in response to the observations in recent years [15]. In Belgium, the quadrivalent MenACWY vaccine (Menveo®, Nimenrix®) is being recommended instead of the MenC vaccination by the Belgian Superior Health Council at age 15 months. For teens between 15 and 16 years old an addition of the MenACWY vaccine is recommended. These recommended changes are not yet reimbursed.
Equity in vaccination policies to overcome social deprivation as a risk factor for invasive meningococcal disease
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Federico Martinon-Torres, Ralph Köllges, Paolo Bonanni, Marco Aurelio Palazzi Safadi, Robert Booy, Vinny Smith, Stéphanie Garcia, Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, Véronique Abitbol
A case-control study of meningococcal disease was performed in children <8 years of age living in Auckland, New Zealand from 1997 to 1999 during an epidemic of MenB disease [72]. A total of 202 cases were included in the study. The risk of disease was associated with household overcrowding (OR 10.7 [95% CI 3.9, 29.5]), corresponding to a doubling of risk with the addition of two adolescents or two adults to a 6-room house. Overcrowding was also identified as a risk factor for IMD in a case-control study conducted in South Queensland, Australia during 2000 and 2001 [73]. The study identified 84 cases of IMD notified to the region's public health authority. In a multivariate analysis, a higher risk of IMD was found only in children <6 years of age sharing a bedroom with ≥2 people (OR 7.4 [95% CI 1.5, 36.1]).
Evolving strategies for meningococcal vaccination in Europe: Overview and key determinants for current and future considerations
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2022
Federico Martinón-Torres, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Markus Knuf, Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian, Michele Pellegrini, Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, Véronique Abitbol
In UK, the adolescent MenC booster dose was changed to a MenACWY dose in 2015, in view of the availability of MenACWY conjugate vaccines and the increasing incidence of IMD caused by MenY and especially MenW, for which high case fatality ratios were observed [47]. This change was advised by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), which underlined the added benefit of generating rapid herd protection against the circulating hypervirulent MenW strain through vaccinations at an age just before the one at which the highest carriage rates are observed [18]. Vaccine effectiveness and impact on meningococcal disease still need to be fully assessed. However, during the first year of an emergency adolescent MenACWY vaccination programme in England, there were 69% fewer MenW-IMD cases than predicted by trend analysis and no cases occurred in the first cohort to be vaccinated (adolescents who left school in 2015), despite low coverage (36.6%) [47]. Surveillance data show a steady decline in IMD notification rates due to MenY and MenW from 2016 to July 2020 [21,22].