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Antiparasitic, Insecticidal, and Larvicidal Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Bianco et al. (2013) evaluated the antiprotozoal activity of several algae species against Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes/intracellular amastigotes, and against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes/ intracellular amastigotes. Extracts from Anadyomene saldanhae and Caulerpa cupressoides at 50 pg mL−1 showed promising results against L. braziliensis (87.9 and 51.7% growth inhibition, respectively). Additionally, A. saldanhae was effective against L. brasiliensis amastigotes (IC = 24 pg mL−1), and C. cupressoides were strongly cytotoxic for bone marrow macrophages (Bianco et al. 2013).
Chagas’ Disease
Published in F. Y. Liew, Vaccination Strategies of Tropical Diseases, 2017
The possibility of conferring some protection against T. cruzi infection by previously infecting with a less pathogenic trypanosomatid was exemplified by the use of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis.130 The rationale for this approach has its roots in the well known immunological cross-reactivity of Leishmania and T. cruzi which has been a long-standing cause of concern and uncertainty in the diagnosis of Chagas’ disease in geographic areas endemic for both American trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. Subcutaneous infection with 107 cultured promastigotes of L. b. panamensis induced partial protection against i.p. challenge of 104 blood trypomastigotes (Tulahuén isolate).130 Although none of the immunized mice died after challenge, all of them developed detectable parasitemia; the levels, however, were lower than those of the nonimmunized controls. Six months after the challenge, histological screening and culture of spleen tissue failed to detect parasites although there was evidence for mild inflammation in several organs. No protection was achieved by using heat-killed or freeze-thawed Leishmania promastigotes.
Paromomycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Rusheng Chew, James S. McCarthy
In a systematic study of interactions between anti-leishmanial drugs, Seifert and Croft (2006) reported miltefosine and paromomycin to be additive in vitro and synergistic in a mouse VL model. A synergistic effect was similarly seen in vitro when paromomycin was used in two-drug combinations with miltefosine and amphotericin B against Leishmania amazonensis; with meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B against Leishmania braziliensis; and with miltefosine, amphotericin B, and azithromycin against Leishmania infantum chagasi (de Morais-Teixeira et al., 2014). Synergy allowed the use of low-dose paromomycin when combined with low-dose oral miltefosine or parenteral meglumine antimoniate in an in vivo hamster model of L. braziliensis CL infection (de Morais-Teixeira et al., 2015). This is of clinical relevance because some Leishmania species that cause New World CL, such as L. braziliensis, are often less sensitive to paromomycin monotherapy. Use of lower doses of systemic anti-leishmanials also reduces the risk of toxicity, which is common with anti-leishmanial antimonials.
The preclinical discovery and development of oral miltefosine for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: a case history
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Juliana Q. Reimão, Débora P. Pita Pedro, Adriano C. Coelho
Further experimental studies demonstrated that MF is also effective in a Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model infected with L. donovani, in contrast with the lack of activity of Sbv, suggesting that MF could be effective in HIV co-infected patients [35]. The preclinical antileishmanial activity of MF against several Leishmania species was verified, both in vitro and in vivo [36–41]. In general, these studies demonstrated that the in vitro activity of MF differs depending on the Leishmania species. Leishmania braziliensis, for example, has the lowest MF susceptibility when compared with other Leishmania species [42], although a huge variation has been found among Brazilian clinical isolates [43]. This species has IC50 values three to 20-fold higher than L. donovani amastigotes in vitro [44].MF has also proven to be effective against Brazilian canine VL [45], however, further controlled clinical trials are needed in such endemic areas [46].
Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated molecules: a review on their immunophysiological and inflammatory roles
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Abraham U. Morales-Primo, Ingeborg Becker, Jaime Zamora-Chimal
The mechanisms leading to this rapid vital NETs formation are largely unknown, yet the phenomenon seems to be mediated by TLR2 along with complement opsonization and through a mechanism that involves TLR4 on platelets and neutrophil CD11a.5,29,30 Studies with the parasite Leishmania braziliensis demonstrated that this rapid NETs formation is dependent on NE. 234 Moreover, this unique NETs formation is NADPH oxidase-independent, as was shown by using NADPH oxidase inhibitors, such as dibenziodolium chloride (DPI).28,31 Other ROS sources that may lead to activation are mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) produced by oxidative phosphorylation.31,32
Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole derivatives as LbSOD inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Camila C. Bitencourt Brito, Hélder Vinicius Carneiro da Silva, Daci José Brondani, Antonio Rodolfo de Faria, Rafael Matos Ximenes, Ivanildo Mangueira da Silva, Julianna F. C. de Albuquerque, Marcelo Santos Castilho
Tropical neglected diseases (NTDs) are among the leading causes of mortality in tropical countries around the world1,2. Leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries and South America countries accounting for 90% of worldwide cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which is caused mainly by Leishmania braziliensis3–5.